Essential University Physics
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780134988566
Author: Wolfson, Richard
Publisher: Pearson Education,
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Chapter 39, Problem 10FTD
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Astronomers can determine the heat of various areas of the universe by making observations about energy they emit. Gamma rays can be found in areas where there is a lot of star formation occurring.
What would you guess about the temperature of these areas? Explain why.Do you think there would be a lot of particles present? Explain why.
What causes cosmic microwave background energy?
2.90 x 106 nm : K
Find the wavelength (in mm) of maximum intensity of the cosmic microwave background radiation observed today. ( Hint: Use Wien's law, Amay
mm
What band of the electromagnetic spectrum is that in? (Examine the figure.)
Visible light
Short wavelengths
Long wavelengths
4 x 107 5x 107 6x 107 7x 10meters
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10 12
10 10
10
104
102
1
102
104
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Micro-
Ultra-
violet
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Chapter 39 Solutions
Essential University Physics
Ch. 39 - Prob. 1FTDCh. 39 - Prob. 2FTDCh. 39 - Prob. 3FTDCh. 39 - Prob. 4FTDCh. 39 - Name the fundamental force involved in (a) binding...Ch. 39 - Prob. 6FTDCh. 39 - Prob. 7FTDCh. 39 - Prob. 8FTDCh. 39 - Describe the origin of the cosmic microwave...Ch. 39 - The radiation that we observe as the cosmic...
Ch. 39 - Prob. 11ECh. 39 - Prob. 12ECh. 39 - Prob. 13ECh. 39 - Prob. 14ECh. 39 - Prob. 15ECh. 39 - Prob. 16ECh. 39 - Prob. 17ECh. 39 - Prob. 18ECh. 39 - Prob. 19ECh. 39 - Prob. 20ECh. 39 - Prob. 21ECh. 39 - Prob. 22ECh. 39 - Prob. 23ECh. 39 - Prob. 24ECh. 39 - Prob. 25ECh. 39 - Prob. 26ECh. 39 - Prob. 27ECh. 39 - Prob. 28ECh. 39 - Prob. 29ECh. 39 - Prob. 30ECh. 39 - Prob. 31ECh. 39 - Prob. 32ECh. 39 - Prob. 33ECh. 39 - Prob. 34ECh. 39 - Prob. 35PCh. 39 - Prob. 36PCh. 39 - Prob. 37PCh. 39 - Prob. 38PCh. 39 - Prob. 39PCh. 39 - Prob. 40PCh. 39 - Prob. 41PCh. 39 - Prob. 42PCh. 39 - Prob. 44PCh. 39 - Prob. 45PCh. 39 - Prob. 46PCh. 39 - Prob. 47PCh. 39 - Prob. 48PCh. 39 - Prob. 49PCh. 39 - Prob. 50PCh. 39 - Prob. 51PCh. 39 - Prob. 52PCh. 39 - Prob. 53PPCh. 39 - Prob. 54PPCh. 39 - Prob. 55PPCh. 39 - Prob. 56PP
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- Why is it difficult to determine where cosmic rays come from?arrow_forwardFind the wavelength (in mm) of maximum intensity of the cosmic microwave background radiation observed today. (Hint: Use Wien's law, λmax = 2.90 x 10^6 nm*k/T ______mmarrow_forwardCosmic Microwave Background 8. The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) acts as a perfect black body whose energy spectrum(energy density per unit volume per unit frequency) is given by the expression : (image attached)arrow_forward
- What are cosmic rays primarily composed of?arrow_forwardWe receive today the light from a distant galaxy and from its spectrum we conclude that it took 400 Myr for the photons to reach us. Which one of the following statements is correct? O The Universe is accelerating, so that galaxy is moving toward us at higher speed and it will take less than 400 Myr for future photons from that galaxy to reach us. O That galaxy is 400 million light years away from us today. O That galaxy is moving away from us, so today it is more distant from us than 400 million light years. O We are observing that galaxy as it was in the past, and today it is accelerating toward us.arrow_forwardWhat was the wavelength of maximum intensity for radiation from the gas of the big bang at the time of recombination? By what factor is that different from the wavelength of maximum intensity of the cosmic microwave background radiation observed now?arrow_forward
- 1. The current (critical) density of our universe is pe = 10-26kg/m³. Assume the universe is filled with cubes with equal size that each contain one person of m = 100kg. What would the length of the side of such a cube have to be in order to give the correct critical density? How many hydrogen atoms would you need in a box of 1 m³ to reach the critical density? The matter we know, which consists mostly of hydrogen, constitutes only 4.8% of the current critical energy density of our universe. So how many hydrogen atoms are actually in a box of 1 m3 in our universe? Deep space is very empty and a much better vacuum than we can obtain on earth in a laboratory.arrow_forwardSince you are made mostly of water, you are very efficient at absorbing microwave photons. If you were in intergalactic space, how many CMB photons would you absorb per second? (The assumption that you are spherical will be useful.) What is the rate, in watts, at which you would absorb radiative energy from the CMB?arrow_forwardWhat do the results from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) observations tell cosmologists?arrow_forward
- The Andromeda Galaxy, M31, is the closest large spiral galaxy to our Milky Way. When we look at its chemical spectrum, we see that its hydrogen alpha emission line (Hα) has an observed wavelength of λobs = 655 nm.-Calculate z, being careful with the sign.-How fast is it moving in km/s?-Is it redshifted or blueshifted? Is it moving towards or away from us? answer to three significant figures.arrow_forwardWhy does primordial nuclesythesis end about 3 minutes after the Big Bang ? select one : a. The number densities of photons is too large at this time and the photons induce fission , stopping nuclei formation b. The universe is tooo hot at t=3 minutes c. The number densities of neutrons and protons and other nuclei are too small at this time and fusion fades out . d. Deuterium has a lifetime of 3 minutes , so after this time no more deuterium survives as it decays away ?arrow_forward(a) Calculate The approximate age of the universe from the average value of the Hubble constant, To do this, calculate the time it would take to travel 1 Mly at a constant expansion rate of 20 km/s. (b) If deceleration is taken into account, would the actual age of the universe be greater or less than that found here? Explain.arrow_forward
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