Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 37, Problem 10TYK
Nitrogenase
- a. is an enzyme complex that reduces atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia.
- b. is found in Rhizobium and other nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
- c. requires an anaerobic environment to catalyze the energy-expensive fixation of nitrogen.
- d. is or does all of the above.
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Nitrification”is the conversion of:a.carbon compounds to nitrogen compounds.b.nitrogen gas (N2) to ammonia (NH2).c.ammonium (NH4+) to nitrate (NO3-).d.ammonia (NH3) to nitrogen gas (N2).e.ammonium (NH4+) to nitrite (NO2-).
Some bacteria have the ability to “fix” nitrogen. This means
a. they convert ammonia into nitrites and nitrates.
b. they convert atmospheric nitrogen gas into biologically useful forms of nitrogen.
c. they break down nitrogen-rich compounds and release ammonium ions.
d. they convert nitrate into nitrogen gas.
Which of the following statements is false?
A.
Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria may form hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as a product of the oxidation.
B.
Dissimilatory reduction of metals such as Fe3+ to Fe2+ represents anaerobic respiration.
C.
The nitrification reactions carried out by certain bacteria would be considered lithotrophy.
D.
Denitrification reactions would be considered anaerobic respiration.
Chapter 37 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 37 - Describe the characteristics of a fertile soil.Ch. 37 - Prob. 2IQCh. 37 - Prob. 3IQCh. 37 - Prob. 4IQCh. 37 - Prob. 5IQCh. 37 - Prob. 6IQCh. 37 - Prob. 7IQCh. 37 - Prob. 1SYKCh. 37 - What are the similarities and differences between...Ch. 37 - The most fertile type of soil is usually a. sand,...
Ch. 37 - Which of the following is not a principle of...Ch. 37 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 37 - Which soil component is associated with higher...Ch. 37 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 37 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 37 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 37 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 37 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 37 - Nitrogenase a. is an enzyme complex that reduces...Ch. 37 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 37 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 37 - The nitrogen content of some agricultural soils...Ch. 37 - Using a technique called metagenomics, researchers...Ch. 37 - Prob. 15TYK
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- Nitrogen fixation is the processa. that converts organic nitrogen to NH3.b. by which plants and animals take up NO3–.c. by which bacteria convert NO3– to N2.d. by which N2 is converted to NH3 or NH4+.e. All of the above are true of nitrogen fixation.arrow_forwardAmong others in an anaerobic digester, sulfate-reducing bacteria compete with methane-forming bacteria for substrate and electron acceptor. What parameters influence which of the two bacterial groups win the competition? A.Only the ORP B. Only the substrate-to-sulfate ratio C. The ORP and the substrate to sulfate ratio.arrow_forwardWhen making bread with common yeast, the reaction starts as an aerobic process and then becomes an anaerobic process after the oxygen is spent. A baker has created a new strain of yeast which contains no cytochrome c gene and, thus, no cytochrome c protein. This will affect what the yeast strain can do to obtain energy. What will this yeast strain do more of, compared to a normal strain? A. electron transport B. carbon dioxide production C. fermentation D. ATP synthesisarrow_forward
- Nitrogen fixation is the conversion of Select one: a. N2 to NH3 b. N2 to urea C. N2 to N d. N2 to NO3arrow_forwardThis trace element is essential and required at the lowest levels in plants, and therefore deficiencies are very uncommon. It is involved in nitrogen assimilation. Select one: a. Mo b. Ni c. P d. Mg e. Narrow_forward(a) Propose a biosynthetic pathway to the secondary metabolite, B. HO Metabolite Barrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is a correct distinction between autotrophs and heterotrophs? a. Only heterotrophs require chemical compounds from the environment. b. Cellular respiration is unique to heterotrophs. c. Only heterotrophs have mitochondria. d. Only autotrophs can live on nutrients that are entirely inorganicarrow_forwardWhich of the following processes is/are used to fix atmospheric N2? a.bacterial action b.Haber process c.lightning d.transaminationarrow_forwardThe picture below shows a preparation of isolated thylakoid membranes suspended in a buffer at pH 7. The preparation is in complete darkness. Which of the following is required for the thylakoids to generate ATP? A. Isolated thylakoid membranes cannot synthesize ATP. B. Incubation in the light plus ADP, Pi and NADP+ C. Incubation in the light plus ADP and Pi. D. Addition of ADP and Pi to the buffer.arrow_forward
- a.Briefly describe the roles of Rhizobium, Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter and Pseudomonasbacteria in the nitrogen cycle (about 200 words). b. Provide one example for each of the following from the sulfur cycle: a biotic flux a natural abiotic flux an anthropogenic flux..arrow_forward... Bacteria that grew in the bottom of nutrient broth tube is: a. Anaerobic A b. Flocculent c. Pellicle d. Sediment Reply...arrow_forwardThe thermoacidophile Sulfolobus acidocaldarius is an archaean organism that can tolerate environments that are high in temperature and low in pH. It lacks peptidoglycan, but still possesses a cell wall. Which of the following statements is likely to be an accurate description of this species? A. It is a bacterium. B. The optimal pH of its enzymes will lie above pH 7. C. It could inhabit hydrothermal springs. D. It could inhabit alkaline hot springs.arrow_forward
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