Prescott's Microbiology
Prescott's Microbiology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781260211887
Author: WILLEY, Sandman, Wood
Publisher: McGraw Hill
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Chapter 36, Problem 6AL
Summary Introduction

Vaccines are biological preparations that confer active acquired immunity against various diseases. Effective vaccines used for humans are made up of the whole microorganism called whole-cell vaccines: inactivated or attenuated vaccines. Inactivated vaccines are highly effective, however less immunogenic whereas attenuated vaccines induce both cell-mediated as well as humoral immunity.

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What is the difference between an attenuated and inactivated vaccine?
Two newly developed vaccine candidates (A and B) are tested in mice for their ability to elicit high concentrations of anti-meningococcal antibodies that would provide mucosal as well as bloodstream protection. Also, the ideal candidate vaccine should also provide long-lasting immunity to the infection.  The figure below shows the responses to a primary, followed by a secondary immunization to each of the two candidate vaccines. a) Which candidate vaccine elicits the preferred response? What are the three aspects of the preferred response that make it the candidate vaccine of choice?  b) What is the likely composition of each vaccine and what evidence from the information above are used to lead to your conclusions? c) To confirm the choice of the preferred candidate vaccine, what type of additional information from the vaccine trials in mice shown above would support this conclusion? Name two additional features of the secondary antibody response to each candidate vaccine that could be…
Which of the four major structural proteins, namely spike (S), membrane (M), and envelope (E), is the main target for the coronavirus vaccines? What factors influence the durability of vaccines? How frequently do you think a coronavirus vaccine may need to be administered?
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Immune System and Immune Response Animation; Author: Medical Sciences Animations;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JDdbUBXPKc4;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Immune response: summary; Author: Dr Bhavsar Biology;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ADANgHkX4OY;License: Standard Youtube License