Campbell Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135188743
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 36, Problem 10TYU
SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY • INTERPRET THE DATA A Minnesota gardener notes that the plants immediately bordering a walkway are stunted compared with those farther away. Suspecting that the soil near the walkway may be contaminated from salt added to the walkway in winter, the gardener tests the soil. The composition of the soil near the walkway is identical to that farther away except that it contains an additional 50 mM NaCl. Assuming that the NaCl is completely ionized, calculate how much it will lower the solute potential of the soil at 20°C using the solute potential equation:
Ψs= -iCRT
where i is the ionization constant (2 for NaCl), C is the molar concentration (in mol/L), R is the pressure constant [R = 0.00831 (L • MPa)/(mol • K)],and T is the temperature in Kelvin (273 + °C).
How would this change in the solute potential of the soil affect the water potential of the soil? In what way would the change in the water potential of the soil affect the movement of water in or out of the roots?
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Observation: I want to know what effect salt has on the growth of grass. So I measure out 3 equal-sized squares of grass out the back of the Green Building. The first square of lawn I water with 5 liters of pure water from a watering can every day. The second square of lawn I water with 5 liters of pure water with 2 grams of salt mixed in, every day. The third square of lawn I water with 5 liters of pure water with 4 grams of salt mixed in, every day. I measure the height of the grass after 14 days and note the following observations. The first square is green and 15 cm high. The second square is greeny-yellow and 6 cm high. The third square is yellowy-brown and looks dead and is only 2cm high. What could we infer about the effect salt has on the growth of grass?
Chemistry of Water
103
nclusion
Under normal conditions root hair cells are relatively low in water
molecules and high in other kinds of molecules (cell salts and nutrients).
Draw arrows to show water movement between the soil water, the root
hair cell, and the water transporting tube.
Water
Transporting
Tube
Salts
and
Nutrients
Root
Hair
Cell
Water
Molecules
ROOT
ROOT HAIR CELL
ESTION
1. What would happen to the water movement if you put salt or a lot of
fertilizer in the soil?
2. Explain how the properties of water investigated in Exercises #1 and
# 4 assist a plant in the movement of water from the soil, into the root
hair, and throughout the structure of the plant.
SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY • INTERPRET THE DATA A Minnesotagardener notes that the plants immediately bordering a walkwayare stunted compared with those farther away. Suspectingthat the soil near the walkway may be contaminated from saltadded to the walkway in winter, the gardener tests the soil. Thecomposition of the soil near the walkway is identical to thatfarther away except that it contains an additional 50 mM NaCl.Assuming that the NaCl is completely ionized, calculate howmuch it will lower the solute potential of the soil at 20°C usingthe solute potential equation:ΨS = -iCRTwhere i is the ionization constant (2 for NaCl), C is themolar concentration (in mol/L), R is the pressure constant[R = 0.00831 (L · MPa)/(mol · K)], and T is the temperature inKelvin (273 + °C).How would this change in the solute potential of the soilaffect the water potential of the soil? In what way would thechange in the water potential of the soil affect the movementof water in or out of the roots?
Chapter 36 Solutions
Campbell Biology
Ch. 36.1 - Why is long-distance transport important for...Ch. 36.1 - Some plants can detect increased levels of light...Ch. 36.1 - WHAT IF? If you prune a plant's shoot tips, what...Ch. 36.2 - If a plant cell immersed in distilled water has a...Ch. 36.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 36.2 - How would the long-distance transport of water be...Ch. 36.2 - Prob. 4CCCh. 36.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 36.3 - WHAT IF? Suppose an Arabidopsis mutant lacking...Ch. 36.3 - MAKE CONNECTIONS How are the Casparian strip and...
Ch. 36.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 36.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 36.4 - WHAT IF? If you buy cut flowers, why might the...Ch. 36.4 - Prob. 4CCCh. 36.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 36.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 36.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 36.5 - WHAT IF? Apple growers in Japan sometimes make a...Ch. 36.6 - How do plasmodesmata differ from gap junctions?Ch. 36.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 36.6 - WHAT IF? Suppose plants were genetically modified...Ch. 36 - How did the evolution of xylem and phloem...Ch. 36 - Is xylem sap usually pulled or pushed up the...Ch. 36 - Prob. 36.3CRCh. 36 - Prob. 36.4CRCh. 36 - Prob. 36.5CRCh. 36 - By what mechanisms is symplastic communication...Ch. 36 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 36 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 36 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 36 - Photosynthesis ceases when leaves wilt, mainly...Ch. 36 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 36 - A plant cell with a of -0.65 MPa maintains a...Ch. 36 - Compared with a cell with few aquaporin proteins...Ch. 36 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 36 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Large brown algae called...Ch. 36 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY INTERPRET THE DATA A Minnesota...Ch. 36 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Cotton plants wilt within a few...Ch. 36 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION Natural...Ch. 36 - Prob. 13TYU
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- DRAW IT Draw a simple sketch of cation exchange, showinga root hair, a soil particle with anions, and a hydrogen iondisplacing a mineral cation.arrow_forwardWhich of the following condition indicate a very dry soil? O Matric potential3D5 kpa O Matric potential=D0 kpa O Matric potential=-1000 kpa O Matric potential=-100 kpa O Osmotic potential= -10 pa dotermines tCarrow_forwardHow does increasing solute concentration affect water potential? (a) water potential becomes more positive (b) water potential becomes more negative (c) water potential becomes more positive under certain conditions and more negative under other conditions (d) water potential is not affected by solute concentration (e) water potential is always zero when solutes are dissolved in waterarrow_forward
- Which one of the following statement is wrong? Options Water is absorbed mainly by unicellular root hairs Cellulosic cell wall is a semi permeable membrane Pure water has maximum diffusic pressure Facilitated diffusion requires special membrane proteinsarrow_forward%OM pH EC Ca2+ Mg2+ K+ Na+ Al3+ H+ % dS/m cmolc/kg soil cmolc/kg soil cmolc/kg soil cmolc/kg soil cmolc/kg soil cmolc/kg soil 2.7% 7.6 4.5 19 13 10 3 1 4 Is this soil affected? If so, what type? - saline - sodic - not salt affected - saline-sodicarrow_forwardPlants can transport water from their roots to their canopy regardless of their height. What properties of water make this long distance transport possible? Plants can transport water from their roots to their canopy regardless of their height. What properties of water make this long distance transport possible? Water can dissolve many substances Water has a high specific heat Cohesiveness of water Adhesiveness of water Choices A and B Choices A and Carrow_forward
- According to the water potential values shown in the image, which ones are wrong and why? W air (22 °C, 50% HR) -100 MPa Cas V sheet -0.2 MPa W stem -0.01 MPa to -0.1 MPa W soil -1 MPa to -0.51 MPa -4 MPa W root -0.1 MPa toarrow_forwardEverybody Wrk UL6- Sca woy coutt an N pack filled with pure water potentially kill a patient? INDEPENDENT PRACTICE The diagrams below represent animal and plant cells in beakers containing solutions of vanina levels, The level of dissolved salts in each solution is indicated in the diagram. Assume each celt a salt concentration of 0.8% Analyze each diagram and complete the following: Line A- indicate whether the solution is hypertonic, hypotonic or isotonic relative to the cel Line B- indicate the direction of water movement: into the cell, out of the cell, in and out equally Line C- describe any changes that would take place in the cell (ex: the cell would... swell. shrivel, burst, etc.) O= Animal Cell = Plant Cell A. 1. B. 0.8% C. 0.2% saltarrow_forwardPag The diagram below shows an experiment to investigate osmosis. Visking tubing 30 minutes later Sugar solution (X) De Sugar solution (Y) Which of the following statements is correct about sugar solution X and sugar solution Y? Solution Y is more concentrated than Solution X. A Solution X is more concentrated than Solution Y. C Both soutions X and Y are of equal concentrations. Sugar molecules diffused out of Solution Y into Solution X. 6 Which of the following graphs shows the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis in a pond weed (Elodea)? 60arrow_forward
- The water potential of three adjacent plant cells are as follows: X 0kPa Y -1000kPa Z -4000kPa In which direction will water move?arrow_forward2) Name and describe the three types of compartments found in plants in terms of water relations. How do these relate to the three different routes that an ion can take as it moves from the soil and through plant tissue?arrow_forward3) A soil bacteria wishes to open a health spa where the air is not too dry but the premises don't flood frequently either. She is hoping for a soil with a relative humidity between 50-60%. A lawyer acquaintance (a real fungus) is trying to sell her some property. He boasts that the area has a year-round matric potential of about -6.5 MPa, an electrical conductivity (in the pore-water) of 5 dS/m, and a comfortable temperature of 15 oC. The hard-sell lawyer is pressuring her for a quick decision. Does the property meet her requirements?arrow_forward
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