Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 35.4, Problem 2R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The consequence of extinction of a type of nitrogen-fixing prokaryotic species and the repercussions in case of extinction of all of them.
Introduction:
Symbiosis occurs when two types of organisms live close to each other and affect the other organisms either positively or negatively. Nitrogen-fixing organisms form mutualistic associations and benefit each other. The role of nitrogen-fixing organisms is to make nitrogen available to the plants in readily absorbable forms.
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Life: The Science of Biology
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- Earth’s biota were believed to be relative simple, slow-metabolizing life. During what era is this?arrow_forward1. Question 1 is based on Figure 1 below. Sunlight co2 in the atmosphere Photosynthesis by producers Plant respiration Animal respiration Carbon fixation by consumers Fossils and fossil fuels Figure 1. Carbon cycle. a) Name the process in "a" and any TWO (2) of the organisms involved. b) Briefly explain how does the proses in "a" contribute to the carbon cycle. c) How does "b" affect the environment in a negative way?arrow_forwardNitrifying bacteria participate in the nitrogen cycle mainly by(A) converting nitrogen gas to ammonia.(B) releasing ammonium from organic compounds, thusreturning it to the soil.(C) converting ammonium to nitrate, which plants absorb.(D) incorporating nitrogen into amino acids and organiccompoundsarrow_forward
- The unicellular cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus sp. is the most abundant photosynthetic microbe in tropical and subtropical oceans. At least two ecotypes exist: one is adapted to high light and the other to lower light intensities. How does the presence of these two ecotypes contribute to their physiological success and their numerical success? How would you determine the amount of fixed carbon they contribute to these open-ocean ecosystems?arrow_forward1 of on 12 ed dout of ag on man The nitrogen cycle involves the movement of atmospheric nitrogen through a series of nitrifying bacteria, which process the nitrogen into forms that can be absorbed and used by other living organisms, Which of the following paths best represent the correct order of this process, starting with atmospheric nitrogen and ending with a form of nitrogen that most plants (producers) can use? Select one: O a. N2(g) → ammonium → nitrite → nitrate - b. nitrite →→ ammonium →→ N2(g) →→ nitrate - c. nitrate → N2(g) → ammonium → nitrate d. ammonium nitrate → nitrite → N2(g) Complete the table below using the dropdown choices. Human Activity Expand city suburbs Large cattle ranches Replant forested areas Effect on cellular functions MacBook Effect on atmospheric composition ◆arrow_forwardFigure 20.12 Which of the following statements about the nitrogen cycle is false? a. Ammonification converts organic nitrogenous matter from living organisms into ammonium (NH4+) . b. Denitrification by bacteria converts nitrates (NO3) to nitrogen gas (N2) . c. Nitrification by bacteria converts nitrates (NO3) to nitrites (NO2) . d. Nitrogen fixing bacteria convert nitrogen gas (N2) into organic compounds.arrow_forward
- Why are phytoplankton, and not benthic algae or rootedaquatic plants, the dominant photosynthetic organismsof the oceanic pelagic zone? (See Figure 52.15.)arrow_forwardNitrogen gas (N2) in the atmosphere can be directly utilized by which of the following organisms? Converted into a bioavailable form by which of the following? (Select all that apply). O bacteria. Ogreen algae. O fungi. land plants. O animals.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the nitrogen cycle is false? a. Ammonification converts organic nitrogenous matter from living organisms into ammonium (NH4 +). b. Denitrification by bacteria converts nitrates (NO3 −) to nitrogen gas (N2). c. Nitrification by bacteria converts nitrates (NO3 −) to nitrites (NO2 −). d. Nitrogen fixing bacteria convert nitrogen gas (N2) into organic compounds.arrow_forward
- Why are bacteria required in the nitrogen cyclearrow_forwardChapter 10 of your textbook describes four biogeochemical cycles (some of which might also be called nutrient cycles) which carry elements and compounds essential to life on earth: the oxygen cycle, the carbon cycle, the nitrogen cycle and the phosphorous cycle. Read the sections in the textbook and refer to the diagrams for each of the cycles.These cycles are constantly going on around us. Think about how we are involved in these cycles. What parts of the major biogeochemical cycles do we witness or experience in our daily lives? Give one example per post or response. Think about where the element or nutrient may have come from or where it may go next and whether the process may have been affected by humans and human activities.A simple example (using the hydrologic cycle, which we studied in Chapter 7): Yesterday I was at the beach and witnessed rain falling into the ocean. This is part of the hydrologic cycle. Most of the rainwater probably came from evaporation of water from the…arrow_forwardThe Norfolk Broads is an area of rivers and lakes in East Anglia. It is surrounded by farmland and has become a popular area for boating. During the course of this century the water has been polluted by the addition of sewage, animal wastes and fertilizers. This pollution has had a major effect on the ecology of the area. (a) Explain the part played by bacteria in converting organic matter in sewage to nitrate.arrow_forward
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