Loose Leaf For Integrated Principles Of Zoology
18th Edition
ISBN: 9781260411140
Author: Cleveland P Hickman Jr. Emeritus, Susan L. Keen, David J Eisenhour Professor PhD, Allan Larson, Helen I'Anson Associate Professor of Biology
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 34, Problem 8RQ
Summary Introduction
To describe: The chemical nature and function of posterior pituitary hormones.
Introduction: The pituitary gland is also known as "master gland" of the body. There are two regions anterior and posterior pituitary which has a collection of cells that secrete several hormones acting on target organs. Some hormones produced by anterior and posterior pituitary glands are growth hormone, prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone, vasopressin and oxytocin.
Summary Introduction
To distinguish: The characteristics of neurosecretory hormones and release-inhibiting hormones that control the anterior pituitary hormones.
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Describe the chemical nature and function of two posterior-lobe hormones, oxytocin and vasopressin. What is distinctive about the way these neurosecretory hormones are secreted compared with the neurosecretory release and release-inhibiting hormones that control the anterior pituitary hormones?
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Chapter 34 Solutions
Loose Leaf For Integrated Principles Of Zoology
Ch. 34 - Outline Bertholds first endocrine experiment. What...Ch. 34 - Prob. 2RQCh. 34 - Prob. 3RQCh. 34 - What is the importance of feedback systems in the...Ch. 34 - Give two examples of invertebrate hormones that...Ch. 34 - Explain how the three hormones involved in insect...Ch. 34 - Name seven hormones produced by the anterior...Ch. 34 - Prob. 8RQCh. 34 - What is the evolutionary origin of the pineal...Ch. 34 - What are endorphins and enkephalins? What are...
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- A physician sees a patient whose symptoms include sluggishness, depression, and intolerance to cold. After eliminating other possible causes, the doctor diagnoses a hormone problem. What disorder fits the symptoms? Why does the doctor suspect that the underlying cause is a malfunction of the anterior pituitary gland?arrow_forwardGive two examples of feedback control of hormone activity.arrow_forwardEach steroidogenic organ has all the enzymes necessary to produce any steroid hormone. (True or false?)arrow_forward
- In the 1950s, Earl W. Sutherland, Jr., and his colleagues carried out pioneering experiments to elucidate the mechanism of action ofepinephrine and glucagon. Given what you have learned in this chapter about hormone action, interpret each of the experiments described below. Identify substance X and indicate the significance of the results.(a) Addition of epinephrine to a homogenate of normal liver resulted in an increase in the activity of glycogen phosphorylase. However, when the homogenate was first centrifuged at a high speed and epinephrine or glucagon was added to the clear supernatant fraction that contains phosphorylase, no increase in the phosphorylase activity occurred.(b) When the particulate fraction from the centrifugation in (a) was treated with epinephrine, substance X was produced. The substance was isolated and purified. Unlike epinephrine, substance X activated glycogen phosphorylase when added to the clear supernatant fraction of the centrifuged homogenate.(c)…arrow_forwardThe endocrine system is composed of glands that secrete hormones that regulate the activity of different body cells. The pituitary gland is often called the "master gland" because it controls the activities of other glands. Discuss a disorder associated with either hypo or hypersecretion of a specific hormone secreted by the pituitary gland. Include in your discussion the answer to the following: What effect will an increase or decrease in production have on the target organs?What signs and symptoms are associated with this condition and how is it treated?arrow_forwardState what the different parts of the pituitary gland are called and how they differ. b) Explain the physiological significance of the portal system of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland c) What hormones are produced by different parts of the pituitary gland? Enter in the image below. What effects do these hormones have on the body? Give at least one example of a function for each hormone.arrow_forward
- Name one hormone produced by each of the following organs—the heart, liver, and placenta—and state the function of each hormone?.arrow_forwardDescribe the most important actions of neurohypophyseal hormones. What are the effects of under secretion and oversecretion? Give some of the most common examples.arrow_forwardList the 5 targets and major functions of the six classical anterior pituitary gland hormones?arrow_forward
- List the effects of over- and under-secretion of the major hormones. Describe how the hypothalamus regulates hormone secretion from the pituitary.arrow_forwardThe anterior lobe of the pituitary secretes so many hormones that it is often called the master endocrine organ, but it too has a “master.” What structure controls the release of anterior pituitary hormones?arrow_forwardCongenital adrenal hyperplasia is a lifethreatening condition that results from a deficiency in the P450 enzyme steroid 21- hydroxylase. This enzyme catalyzes the first step in the conversion of progesterone into cortisol and aldosterone (Figures 26.28 and 26.29). A characteristic of congenital adrenal hyperplasia is an increase in sex hormone production. Explain why this is the case.arrow_forward
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