Loose Leaf For Integrated Principles Of Zoology
18th Edition
ISBN: 9781260411140
Author: Cleveland P Hickman Jr. Emeritus, Susan L. Keen, David J Eisenhour Professor PhD, Allan Larson, Helen I'Anson Associate Professor of Biology
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 34, Problem 16RQ
Explain the actions of two hormones of the islets of Langerhans on the level of glucose in the blood. What is the consequence of insulin insufficiency or insensitivity as in the disease diabetes mellitus?
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Explain the actions of two hormones of the islets of Langerhans on the level of glucose in the blood. What is the consequence of insulin insufficiency or insensitivity as in the disease diabetes mellitus?
What are the two types of diabetes mellitus? Describe in detail the pathophysiology (how the disease develops) on individuals. Why is this condition considered a major metabolic disorder?
The hormones insulin and glucagon play an important role in the regulation of plasma glucose.
b) People with Type II diabetes mellitus can manage their condition (maintain adequate glycaemic control) through use of oral hypoglycaemic drugs. Provide a rationale for how two hypoglycaemic drugs, with different mechanisms of action, can both work to lower blood glucose levels in Type II diabetes.
Chapter 34 Solutions
Loose Leaf For Integrated Principles Of Zoology
Ch. 34 - Outline Bertholds first endocrine experiment. What...Ch. 34 - Prob. 2RQCh. 34 - Prob. 3RQCh. 34 - What is the importance of feedback systems in the...Ch. 34 - Give two examples of invertebrate hormones that...Ch. 34 - Explain how the three hormones involved in insect...Ch. 34 - Name seven hormones produced by the anterior...Ch. 34 - Prob. 8RQCh. 34 - What is the evolutionary origin of the pineal...Ch. 34 - What are endorphins and enkephalins? What are...
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- Describe the mechanism of action of insulin. Based on the MOA, when would insulin be contraindicated?arrow_forwardWhich of the following best describes the role of the hexosamine pathway in the pathogenesis of the chronic complications of diabetes mellitus? Question 79 options: a) It involves irreversible binding of glucose to proteins, lipids and nucleic acids which damages components of the microcirculation leading to retinopathy, etc. b) It promotes the O-linked glycosylation of proteins and transcription factors, resulting in altered gene expression contributing to insulin resistance & cardiovascular complications c) It promotes the synthesis of DAG which increases pro-inflammatory gene expression and endothelial ET-1 production resulting in blood flow abnormalities d) It leads to intracellular accumulation of osmotically active sorbitol and fructose which damages Schwann cells, erythrocytes and the lens of the eyearrow_forwardDiscuss the relationship between diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. What dietary measures can be taken to decrease the risks associated with the two disease processes in a patient who has been diagnosed with both?arrow_forward
- Why do you suppose individuals with diabetes must receive insulin subcutaneously by injection rather than orally?arrow_forwardWhat happens to the insulin-secreting capacity of a type 2 diabetic placed on insulin therapy earlier than recommended? Can the external supply of insulin improve the functional capacity of the insulin-secreting cells, to some extent by providing some rest to these cells? Is inhaled insulin a suitable substitute for injectable insulin? Is there, or will there soon be, insulin in the form of a tablet?arrow_forwardKetoacidosis is a common feature of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, but not of insulin-independent diabetes mellitus. Explain.arrow_forward
- Antagonistic Hormone a) Describe how glucagon and insulin function to regulate blood sugar levels. b) Explain why they are considered to be antagonistic hormones.arrow_forwardName the disorder caused by deficency of insulin.arrow_forward(human physiology) 1) Match the insulin types (1-3) with the plots (A-C)? Explain? 2) Oral administration (e.g. in the form of pills) of insulin and subcutaneous administration, which is more effective? Why? 3) Why are elderly, sedentary, obese and regular smokers at high risk of diabetes?arrow_forward
- Explain why obese individuals are often insulin-resistant.arrow_forwardDiscuss the aetiology and pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In your answer, make clear the term ‘insulin resistance’ by providing an example to illustrate your understanding of this occurrence. Determine whether the C-peptide test would be useful in diagnosing type 2 diabetesarrow_forwarddescribe the multiple actions of insulin.arrow_forward
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