To discuss:
Osmosis, examples of its physiological and clinical relevance, factors that determine its speed and direction, and the role of aquaporins.
Introduction:
Cells are regarded as the simplest unit (structural and functional) of life. Cellular membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm are the three major components of a cell. Cellular membrane, which surrounds the entire cell, is composed of phospholipids and proteins. By defining the cell’s boundary, plasma membrane controls the intake of substances into the cell and releases substances out of the cell. This selectively permeable membrane is a phospholipid bilayer with proteins inserted in it. It acts as both wall and gateway between the extracellular fluid and the cytoplasm. Both passive mechanisms (diffusion, filtration, and osmosis) and active transports are involved in the transport of a few molecules across the cell membrane. It permits the passage of some substances (wastes and nutrients), while hindering the passage of other substances (phosphates and proteins).
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Anatomy and Physiology
- Briefly explain why each of the following statements is false, or reword it to make it true.9. The transport maximum (Tm) sets an upper limit on the rate of osmosis.arrow_forwardOsmosis is a type of active transport, but specifically for water. True Falsearrow_forwardtype of transport that moves materials that is not active transportarrow_forward
- The movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concnetration is called _________ osmosis diffusion solubility gradientarrow_forwardDeine the various forms of bulk transport that can move materials into or out of a cell.arrow_forwardWhich transport mechanism in cell membrane does transfer substance from low to high concentrationarrow_forward
- Which portion of the phosphotidylinositol molecules contributes to the fluidity of a membranearrow_forwardThe portion of osmotic pressure exerted by osmotic pressure ( or oncotic pressure ) small ions proteins large ions lipidsarrow_forwardThree Mineral Elements That Are Required For The Formation Of The Membranesarrow_forward
- Descibe each process and how it transports across plasma membrane. Selectively permeable Carrier-mediated vs. noncarrier-mediated transport Passive vs. active transportarrow_forwardQuestions about cholera - Vibrio is ferocious, but it is short lived (<1 week). Patients who can survive the infection can fully recover. What might you give your patients orally to help with this survival? - If patients with severe infections are left untreated, these patients can die from circulatory collapse as soon as 18 hours after infection. If you had to give intravenous fluids, would you choose a solution that had an osmolarity slightly above homeostatic levels, slightly below homeostatic levels, or one that was isotonic? Why?arrow_forwardThe tendency of molecules (particles) to extend or spread out from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. active transport diffusion facilitated diffusion osmosisarrow_forward
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