Biology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260487947
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 33, Problem 3CQ
Summary Introduction
To determine: The brachiopods, bryozoans, mollusks and annelids belong to monophyletic, paraphyletic or polyphyletic groups.
Introduction.
A monophyletic group contains a common ancestor and all of its descendants. A paraphyletic group contains a common ancestor but not all of its descendants. A polyphyletic group contains groups of species with different common ancestors.
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The phylogenetic tree in Exercise 1 above shows an outdated relationship between Brachiopoda, Bryozoa, and Mollusca. We now know that: (1) Brachiopoda is more closely related to Mollusca; and (2) Bryozoa forms the sister-group to the clade formed by Brachiopoda+Mollusca. In the space below draw a phylogenetic tree showing the correct interrelationships among the 5 clades listed:
Bryozoa:
Brachiopoda:
Linguliformea:
Craniiformea: Rhynchonelliformea:
Please include mollusca. Should be 6 classes total
organisms from any of the major phyla listed below. You are required to select your organisms from four different phyla. You cannot use the same phylum twice. Give the taxonomic structure for each organism you chose Describe the environment where it is found the organism endangered , protected or otherwise in danger of extinction Provide one way your organism can be protected from extinction Phyla Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthe Mollusca Annelida Echinoderms Rotifera chordata nematoda
L
Gymnospermae
100
200
100 200 300
Amphibia
0 50 100 150 200
0 25 50 75 100
Aranea
Diptera
50
100
150
50 100 150 200 250
50 100 150 200 250
050 100 150 200
Clade age (my)
Clade age (my)
Clade age (my)
Clade age (my)
Figure 3. The relationship between species richness and clade age in twelve groups.
Question 8. Suppose species in old clades were more likely to go extinct. How would
this change the relationship between clade age and species richness?
Log (richness)
Log (richness)
Log (richness)
Angiospermae
0
100
Actinopterygii
●
•
0100 200
0
200
●
●
T
300
400
Squamata
0
2.
0
6
0
0
0
300
4
2
0
2
0
4
2-
0
Pteridophyta
200
0
100
Mammalia
● 000 00
0
25
Coleoptera
0
300
50 75
2
2
0
Aves
Chondricthyes
Chapter 33 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 33.2 - Core Skill: Connections Look back to Figure 25.8....Ch. 33.2 - Prob. 2CSCh. 33.3 - Prob. 1CSCh. 33.3 - Prob. 1EQCh. 33.3 - Prob. 2EQCh. 33.3 - Prob. 3EQCh. 33 - Prob. 1TYCh. 33 - Prob. 2TYCh. 33 - Prob. 3TYCh. 33 - In triploblastic animals, the inner lining of the...
Ch. 33 - Prob. 5TYCh. 33 - Prob. 6TYCh. 33 - Prob. 7TYCh. 33 - Naturally occurring identical twins are possible...Ch. 33 - Prob. 9TYCh. 33 - A major finding of recent molecular studies is...Ch. 33 - Fierce debate centers on whether ctenophores or...Ch. 33 - Why was the evolution of a coelom important?Ch. 33 - Prob. 3CQCh. 33 - Discuss the many ways that animals can affect...Ch. 33 - Prob. 2COQ
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- Flatworms have no coelom. Recent gene sequencing shows that their closest relatives are the rotifers and gastrotrichs (which are pseudocoelomate), the bryozoans (which are coelomate), and the entoprocts (which are acoelomate). Which of the following is a legitimate conclusion? Flatworms, rotifers, and gastrotrichs form a monophyletic group. Flatworms and bryozoans form a monophyletic group. Flatworms and entoprocts form a monophyletic group. Bryozoans, rotifers, and gastrotrichs form a monophyletic group. There must be flaws in the gene sequence analyses.arrow_forwardCreate a body plan table (Insert → Add Table) for the following animal phyla: Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Mollusca, Annelida, Nematoda, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, and Chordata. Describe each phylum by identifying the following body plan features. 1) Symmetry: Asymmetrical, Radial, or Bilateral 2) Tissue type: Parazoa, Eumetazoa (diploblastic), or Eumetazoa (triploblastic) 3) Body cavity (if triploblastic): Acoelomate, Psuedocoelomate, or Coelomate 4) Developmental mode (if Coelomate): Protostome or Dueuterostome Note: Depending on the body plan, features 3 & 4 may not apply to specific phyla. * Please answer 1) and 2) only. Reposting question for other two to be answered.arrow_forwardDorothia fossil Aperture:- Chambers:- Periphery:- Pores:- Proloculus:- Septum (last):- Shell:- Suture:- suture. Umbo :- Whorls:- Habitat:- Range:-arrow_forward
- Imagine you come across an animal with a worm-like biody. Determine whether it is a polychaete or a member of class Hirudinida? Give two distinct differences between the two without naming the same structure/invisible features of each animal (e.g animal x has 2 wings, animal y has 4 wings are not distinct differences)arrow_forwardPimpla rufipesSpecies A: possess a calcium carbonate shell and is found in marine environmentsSpecies B: Segmented worm, marine and possess bristles known as ‘setae’Species C: Bioluminescent, possess special cells known as colloblasts which are attached to tentaclesSpecies D: Parasitic roundworm found in the intestines of mammals; lacks segments, molts a cuticle. (photo of the phylogenetic tree here) B.1 Does P. rufipes engage in incomplete or catastrophic metamorphosis? _________________ B.2. Explain why you chose your answer for B.1. __________________________________________________________________________________ B.3. List ONE (1) advantage of the developmental strategy you chose above?arrow_forwardPlease complete the following (abbreviated) cladogram of Metazoa, labeling tips, nodes and synapomorphies by using the following word bank: Choanoflagellates multicellularity triploblasty Arthropoda Lepidosauria Cnidaria Bilateria Deuterostomia Ecdysozoa radial cleavage Porifera Mammalia Nematoda 2. Use the tree above to answer the following questions: Name the monophyletic group that is most closely related to Deuterostomia. b. Circle the monophyletic group Animalia (Metazoa). Circle the MRCA of Nematoda and Choanoflagellates. d. Write another name (many possibilities, not listed in the word bank) for the MRCA of Mammalia and Lepidosauria, a. C. 工arrow_forward
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