Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781337553292
Author: Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 33, Problem 38AP

One goal of the Russian space program is to illuminate dark northern cities with sunlight reflected to the Earth from a 200-m diameter mirrored surface in orbit. Several smaller prototypes have already been constructed and put into orbit. (a) Assume that sunlight with intensity 1 370 W/m2 falls on the mirror nearly perpendicularly and that the atmosphere of the Earth allows 74.6% of the energy of sunlight to pass though it in clear weather. What is the power received by a city when the space mirror is reflecting light to it? (b) The plan is for the reflected sunlight to cover a circle of diameter 8.00 km. What is the intensity of light (the average magnitude of the Poynting vector) received by the city? (c) This intensity is what percentage of the vertical component of sunlight at St. Petersburg in January, when the sun reaches an angle of 7.00° above the horizon at noon?

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A possible means of space flight is to place a perfectly reflecting aluminized sheet into orbit around the Earth and then use the light from the Sun to push this "solar sail." Suppose a sail of area A = 6.40 ✕ 105 m2 and mass m = 4,900 kg is placed in orbit facing the Sun. Ignore all gravitational effects and assume a solar intensity of 1,370 W/m2. A) If the solar sail were initially in Earth orbit at an altitude of 360 km, show that a sail of this mass density could not escape Earth's gravitational pull regardless of size. (Calculate the magnitude of the gravitational field in m/s2.) B) What would the mass density (in kg/m2) of the solar sail have to be for the solar sail to attain the same initial acceleration of 1193 µm/s2.
The power radiated by the sun is 3.9 × 1026 W. The earth orbits the sun in a nearly circular orbit of radius 1.5 × 1011 m. The earth's axis of rotation is tilted by 23.4° relative to the plane of the orbit (see the drawing), so sunlight does not strike the equator perpendicularly. What power strikes a 0.94-m2 patch of flat land at the equator at point Q?
A possible means of space flight is to place a perfectly reflecting aluminized sheet into orbit around the Earth and then use the light from the Sun to push this "solar sail." Suppose a sail of area A = 6.90 x 105 m2 and mass m = 5,000 kg is placed in orbit facing the Sun. Ignore all gravitational effects and assume a solar intensity of 1,370 W/m?. (a) What force (in N) is exerted on the sail? (Enter the magnitude.) (b) What is the sail's acceleration? (Enter the magnitude in um/s2.) |um/s? (c) Assuming the acceleration calculated in part (b) remains constant, find the time interval (in days) required for the sail to reach the Moon, 3.84 x 10° m away, starting from rest at the Earth. days (d) What If? If the solar sail were initially in Earth orbit at an altitude of 400 km, show that a sail of this mass density could not escape Earth's gravitational pull regardless of size. (Calculate the magnitude of the gravitational field in m/s².) m/s2 (e) What would the mass density (in kg/m2) of…

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Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics

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