Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology Plus Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133910605
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Question
Chapter 33, Problem 1AC
Summary Introduction
To describe:
The advantage of four-chambered heart with its two separate pumps.
Introduction:
The heart pumps blood throughout the body and provides transport of oxygen and the other gases. The number of chambers present in the heart defines the three major heart types; two-chambered, three-chambered, and four-chambered heart.
Expert Solution & Answer
Explanation of Solution
The four-chambered heart has evolved from the three-chambered heart of amphibians and the two-chambered heart of fishes. The four-chambered heart contains two pumps (atria and ventricle) and two circulatory systems (pulmonary and systematic system), and have the following advantages over three and two-chambered heart;
Efficiency: The four-chambered heart separates the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from mixing. Superior chambers receive the blood and pump it to the inferior chambers. The efficiency of the heart is increased by the separation of blood which is received and pumped out from the heart.
Pressure: The four-chambered heart has a double circulatory system which contains blood under high pressure, which allows transportation of nutrients and gases at a rapid rate.
Power: In association with the respiratory and circulatory system, a four-chambered heart provides a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients to the tissues in the body, which is responsible for energy generation in the body.
It also helps in maintaining higher
Conclusion
Efficiency, rapid transportation, and energy generation are the main advantage of the four-chambered heart with two pumps.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!
Students have asked these similar questions
18. Under the microscope, I can see a section through one of the chambers of the heart. The
myocardium is thick and the endocardium is very thin. In addition, I can see a valve that connects
this chamber to the next which has two cusps that prevent backflow from one chamber into
another.
Where in the heart am 1?
What does the thickness of the myocardium tell you about this region of the heart?
What is the valve called? What does it do?
What other valve would you see in this area of the heart? Where is it situated?
22. In the cardiac cycle, the occurrence of the diastole is most likely indicated at which of the following labeled sites on the ECG or phonocardiogram shown?
O A)
B)
D
(A)
Electrocardiogram
(E
B
Phonocardiogram
C)
D)
E)
1. In a healthy heart, which of the following statements is TRUE?A) Depolarization of the interventricular septum occurs from right to left.B)The right ventricle depolarizes before the left ventricle.C) The wave of depolarization passes more quickly through the AV node than the Purkinje fibers.D) The QRS complex is predominantly upright in Leads I and II. E) The mean electrical axis is generally between +100 and +150 degrees. 2. Which of the following is most likely to be present on the resting EKG recording of a patient with AV node damage?A) An R-R interval of 0.52 seconds at rest.B) A P-R interval of 0.28 seconds at rest.C)An inverted T waveD) Normal sinus rhythm
Chapter 33 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology Plus Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (11th Edition)
Ch. 33.1 - explain the major features of all circulatory...Ch. 33.1 - Why doesnt insect hemolymph need hemoglobin?Ch. 33.1 - compare open and closed circulatory systems?Ch. 33.1 - describe the functions of the vertebrate...Ch. 33.2 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 33.2 - describe the three types of vertebrate hearts and...Ch. 33.2 - Prob. 1HYEWCh. 33.2 - Prob. 1TCCh. 33.2 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 33.2 - Prob. 3CYL
Ch. 33.3 - describe each component of blood and explain its...Ch. 33.3 - Prob. 1TCCh. 33.3 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 33.3 - Prob. 2TCCh. 33.3 - explain the sequence of events during blood...Ch. 33.4 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 33.4 - Prob. 1ETCh. 33.4 - Prob. 1TCCh. 33.4 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 33.4 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 33.5 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 33.5 - Prob. 1CSRCh. 33.5 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 33.5 - Prob. 1TCCh. 33.5 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 33.5 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 33 - Prob. 1ACCh. 33 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 33 - Prob. 1MCCh. 33 - List the major structures of all circulatory...Ch. 33 - Prob. 2ACCh. 33 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 33 - Which of the following is True? a. Arteriole...Ch. 33 - Describe and compare the features of open and...Ch. 33 - The hearts pacemaker is called the (complete term)...Ch. 33 - Prob. 3MCCh. 33 - Explain how two- and three-chambered vertebrate...Ch. 33 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 33 - Prob. 4MCCh. 33 - Prob. 4RQCh. 33 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 33 - Which of the following is true of blood pressure?...Ch. 33 - Prob. 5RQCh. 33 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 33 - Prob. 6RQCh. 33 - Lymph is ___________ that has entered lymphatic...Ch. 33 - Prob. 7RQCh. 33 - Prob. 8RQCh. 33 - Describe the cardiac cycle, and relate the...Ch. 33 - Prob. 10RQCh. 33 - Prob. 11RQCh. 33 - Prob. 12RQCh. 33 - In what way do veins and lymphatic vessels...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Which of the following lists the valves in the order through which the blood flows from the vena cava through the heart? tricuspid, pulmonary semilunar, bicuspid, aortic semilunar mitral, pulmonary semilunar, bicuspid, aortic semilunar aortic semilunar, pulmonary semilunar, tricuspid, bicuspid bicuspid, aortic semilunar, tricuspid, pulmonary semilunararrow_forward1.The effective-refractory period present during Phase 2 of the action potential of ventricular myocytes: A)is relatively long because the Na+ current does not inactivate. B) is relatively long because K+ current is immediately activated once membrane potential becomes positive. C) prevents tetanus in the heart. D) is about twice as long as in skeletal muscle  2.Which of the following promotes reabsorption of water into the capillary? A)Plasma oncotic pressure B)Capillary hydrostatic pressure C)Interstitial fluid oncotic pressure D)Soluble electrolytes E)Red blood cells.arrow_forward6. Which of the following statements concerning the differences between action potentials in skeletal muscle cells and in ventricular cardiac muscle cells is TRUE? A)The efflux of K+ repolarizes skeletal muscle cells after an action potential, while repolarization in cardiac muscle cells is due to the efflux of Ca2+ B)Unlike skeletal muscle cells, the initial depolarization of ventricular cells is mainly due to Ca2+ influx, not Na+ influx C)Action potentials in skeletal muscle cells are longer in duration than action potentials in cardiac muscle cells D)After sodium influx through voltage gated channels occurs in ventricular cells, prolong influx of calcium from the extracellular fluid occurs. No such calcium influx occurs in skeletal muscle cells. E)Like skeletal muscle cells, ventricular cardiac muscle cells have a resting potential primarily dependent on sodium.arrow_forward
- 6. Describe the mechanical events of the cardiac cycle (as in Figure 14.18a), including isovolumic ventricular contraction and isovolumic ventricular relaxation (pressure- volume curve of left ventricle, Figure 14.18b). What causes valves to open and close during a cardiac cycle?arrow_forward5.According to Steven et al., (2006), hypoplastic left heart syndrome is a medical terminology used to describe a spectrum of congenital heart malfomation exhbiting an array of underdeveloped structures in the left side of the heart. How does this affect the anatomical and physiological function of the left side of the heart? Read and analyze the question and choices CAREFULLY; more importantly, ALWAYS CHOOSE the BEST answer. The heart will have a difficulty in pumping oxygenated blood to all parts of the body The heart is bound to enlarge by loosening its myocardium after a few years. The heart will not be able to absorb oxygen from the lungs. The heart will exert too much pressure to deliver oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.arrow_forward2. Fill-in-the-blanks: Blood flow into the_________ (pulmonary circuit/systemic circuit) would __________(increaseldecrease) if the left side of the heart fails. Blood flow into the ________(pulmonary circuit/systemic circuit) would _________(increaseldecrease) if the right side of the heart fails.arrow_forward
- 6. Fill in the blanks with the correct terms to describe the path of blood flow through the heart (starting with the deoxygenated blood coming from the body's tissues and ending with the oxygenated blood flowing to the body's tissues). Use the following terms: aorta, aortic semilunar valve, bicuspid (mitral) valve, left atrium, left ventricle, pulmonary artery, pulmonary semilunar valve, pulmonary veins, right atrium, right ventricle, superior and inferior vena cava, tricuspid valve. Blood from the tissues → > lungs > → body tissuesarrow_forward1. The endocardium of the heart is composed of THREE layers. Describe their structure and also explain how the thickness of the endocardial layer varies between different chambers of the heartarrow_forward(i) A scene of a TV drama showed that a heart continues to beat when it was ripped from a brain-dead patient. Is that possible? Elaborate your answer.arrow_forward
- 1. In the flow chart provided below, label the structures that lie along the path of blood flow in the heart OR make a similar diagram of your own showing the path of blood in a linear fashion. The top row of boxes (blue) refer to the right side of the heart (unoxygenated blood) and the bottom row of boxes (red) refer to structures in the left side of the heart (oxygenated blood.) (b) 2. Label all the structures indicated by the lines in the diagram below.arrow_forward6. If the left side of the heart were failing, how would this change the pressure that the right side of the heart needed to generate to continue moving blood into the pulmonary circuit?arrow_forward27. All of the followings are incorrect about adult human heart, except ---------------------. A. There is a lower systemic than pulmonary arterial blood pressure B. There are four chambers in the heart C. The right atrium receives blood directly from pulmonary veins D. In adults, right atrium is connected to the left atrium by the foramen ovale E. The right atrium is electrically coupled to the right ventricle by the SA nodearrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Fundamentals of Sectional Anatomy: An Imaging App...BiologyISBN:9781133960867Author:Denise L. LazoPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168130Author:Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark WomblePublisher:OpenStax College
Fundamentals of Sectional Anatomy: An Imaging App...
Biology
ISBN:9781133960867
Author:Denise L. Lazo
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305389892
Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781938168130
Author:Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble
Publisher:OpenStax College
Anatomical Position And Directional Terms - Anatomical Terms - Directional Terms Anatomy; Author: Whats Up Dude;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pQUMJ6Gh9Bw;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY