Loose Leaf For Integrated Principles Of Zoology
18th Edition
ISBN: 9781260411140
Author: Cleveland P Hickman Jr. Emeritus, Susan L. Keen, David J Eisenhour Professor PhD, Allan Larson, Helen I'Anson Associate Professor of Biology
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 33, Problem 15RQ
Chemoreception in vertebrates and insects is mediated through clearly distinguishable senses of taste and smell. Contrast these two senses in humans in terms of anatomical location and nature of the receptors and sensitivity to chemical molecules. Describe chemoreception in insects.
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Give the meaning of the statement, “The idea that all sense organs behave as biological transducers is a unifying concept in sensory physiology.”
Read the following articles and answer the questions below:
Stage 1: Reception and the Receptive FieldQ1) Electromagnetic radiation emitted by the LCD display is detected by which type of sensory receptors in the dragonfly?a) thermoreceptors
b) chemoreceptors
c) photoreceptors
d) mechanoreceptors
Q2) What component of a sensory receptor determines its spectral sensitivity, that is, the ability to detect varying wavelengths of light?a) amplification via 2nd messenger cascadesb) opsin photopigmentsc) stereocilia of the outer segmentd) capillary beds providing nourishment to the retina
Q3) The capability to resolve rapid changes of light over time and to discriminate adjacent points of light in space are respectively referred to as?a) adaptation and adjustable lens refraction (accommodation)
b) contrast sensitivity and thresholding of the visual systemc) temporal and spatial resolution (acuity) of the visual system
d) scotopic and phototopic vision regimes
The ‘receptive field’ of a…
In the process of sensory coding
Recruitment of additional neurons occurs with a weak stimulus in order to make the stimulus stronger.
The larger the receptive field of a sensory receptor, the greater the expected acuity and the more accurate the two-point discrimination.
Lateral inhibition of neighboring receptors resulting in a relative reduction of action potentials in the neighboring second order neurons would be expected to increase acuity.
A receptor potential that remains suprathreshold into the absolute refractory period will result in additional action potentials.
Chapter 33 Solutions
Loose Leaf For Integrated Principles Of Zoology
Ch. 33 - Define the following terms: neuron, axon,...Ch. 33 - Glial cells far outnumber neurons and contribute...Ch. 33 - The concentration of potassium ions inside a nerve...Ch. 33 - What ionic and electrical changes occur during...Ch. 33 - Explain different ways in which invertebrates and...Ch. 33 - Why is the sodium-potassium pump indirectly...Ch. 33 - Prob. 7RQCh. 33 - Prob. 8RQCh. 33 - Prob. 9RQCh. 33 - Prob. 10RQ
Ch. 33 - Prob. 11RQCh. 33 - Prob. 12RQCh. 33 - Prob. 13RQCh. 33 - Prob. 14RQCh. 33 - Chemoreception in vertebrates and insects is...Ch. 33 - What is the vomeronasal organ and what activity...Ch. 33 - Explain how ultrasonic detectors of certain...Ch. 33 - Outline the place theory of pitch discrimination...Ch. 33 - Explain how the semicircular canals of the ear are...Ch. 33 - Contrast the structure and functioning of the...Ch. 33 - Explain what happens when light strikes a...Ch. 33 - Prob. 22RQCh. 33 - Prob. 1FFT
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- Describe each of the following types of receptors, indicating what sensation it detects and giving an example of where it can be found in the body: pain receptors (nociceptors), temperature receptors,mechanoreceptors (including proprioceptors and barorceptors/pressoreceptors), chemoreceptors, and photoreceptors.arrow_forwardSelect the options that properly describe the function and features of rods. A bright blue light would stimulate rods more than cones. In low light conditions rods perceive color as gray cale. sensitive to bright light conditions. Rods are sensitive to vision in low light conditions. In low light conditions rods perceive color as blue scale. Low light conditions are viewed in blue scale. O The absorbance of rhodopsin in the rods is much more sensitive than in the cone opsins. Rods are sensitive to vision in bright light conditions. sensitive to low light conditions. Rods are sensitive to low light conditions. V The absorbance of rhodopsin in the cones is much more sensitive than in the rods opsins. Rods are sensitive to bright light conditions.arrow_forwardWhat mechanistic and functional differences distinguish the electric sense of sharks and rays from the electric sense of weakly electric teleost fish such as Apteronotus and Gnathonemus?arrow_forward
- Compare and contrast general and special senses. Give two examples of each and describe the locations of the receptors that mediate these senses.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about sensory systems is NOT true? a. Sensory transduction involves the conversion (by either a direct or indirect mechanism) of a physical or chemical stimulus into changes in membrane potential difference. b. Sensory adaptation plays a role in the ability of organisms to discriminate between important and unimportant information. c. The term "sensory adaptation" refers to the process by which a sensory cell becomes less sensitive, or less responsive, to a continuing source of stimulation. d. In general, a stimulus causes a change in the flow of charged ions across the plasma membrane of a sensory receptor cell. e. The more intense a stimulus is, the greater the peak depolarization of the action potentials fired by the sensory neuron.arrow_forwardWhich is True and which is False? The receptors that allow us to sense linear acceleration as our airplane takes off are located in the middle ear. The human sensory homunculus devotes considerable space to the larger parts of the body, such as the torso and legs. Athletes in contact sports like boxing and football readjust their sensitivity to pain, not just their attitudes.arrow_forward
- Match the proper structure with its physiological role or sensory organ. transduce both sound and motion densely clustered in fovea of retina 1. rods amino acids trigger second messengers 2. cones 3. hair cells H+ depolarizes the receptor 4. semicircular canals contain taste buds 5. cochlea sense airborne molecules 6, middle ear 7. olfactory receptors contains the organ of Corti 8. papillae bones here amplify vibrations of the tympanic membrane 9. umami 10. Sour sense low levels of light one for each 3D plane 000000arrow_forwardAll sensory organs convert energy in the environment into action potentials in the nervous systern. Explain the process of how our ears convert energy in the form of sound waves in the air into action potentials along a nerve. Include the appropriate order of structures and regions of the ear as well as the physiological process of creating action potentials and interpreting them in the brain.arrow_forwardHere you see an astigmatism illustration. Please explain why astigmatisms cause blurred vision in the context of our sense of sight. Please do not merely say “The light rays do not hit the focal point”. Please explain why that matters for the sense of sight.arrow_forward
- Which of the following best explains how knowledge of the developing human embryo and its gill arches helps to make sense of the complicated nerves of the face and the structures they innervate? A) Because structures that develop from the same gill arch are all innervated by the same nerve which also develops from that arch. B) Because each gill arch controls one of the developing tissues such that the first arch develops all of the bones of the head, the second arch all the nerves of the head, the third arch the muscles, and the fourth arch the skin. C) Because the first and second gill arches control the development of the nerves of the face, while the second and third control the development of the bones, muscles, and skin. D) Because humans are mammals, they do not have gill arches as embryos.arrow_forwardDescribe the location and function of the receptors involved in thehuman senses of smell and tastearrow_forwardLocate the sense organs capsules of the skulls of shark, pigeon, and cat. Justify their location.arrow_forward
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The Sensorimotor System and Human Reflexes; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M0PEXquyhA4;License: Standard youtube license