Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 32.1, Problem 3R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The major groups of deuterostomes. The groups in which each of the following will be placed: sea stars, humans, acorn worms, tunas, and rattlesnakes.
Introduction:
Deuterostomes are the class of organisms, which include aquatic as well as terrestrial animals. The animals under this class are triploblastic and possess coelom with a distinct mouth and anus openings placed at opposite ends in the body.
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Create a cladogram summarizing the phylogenetic relationships among the different phyla.
Phyla:
Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Annelida Mollusca Nematoda Arthropoda Echinodermata Chordata
Characters:
True tissues Blastopore forms the mouth Blastopore forms anus Undergo ecdysis Notochord Mantle and muscular foot Water vascular system Trochophore Segmented jointed appendages Chitinous setae Muscles and nerves Triploblastic
Identify all of the following organisms that are deuterostomes:
humans
starfish
mussels
octopus
corals
comb jellies
scorpions
what is the symplesiomorphic character of deuterostomes? explain
Chapter 32 Solutions
Life: The Science of Biology
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- What are three shared derived characters of deuterostomes?arrow_forwardWhich of the taxa shown below is not monophyletic? Pisces Osteichthyes (bony fishes) Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fishes) Cyclostomata EAgnatha) Tetrapoda Amniota Reptilia O Reptilia O Amniota O Tetrapoda Osteichthyes Mixini (hagfishes) Petromizontida (lampreys) Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes) Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) Actinistia (coelacanths) Dipnoi (lungfishes) Amphibia Mammalia Non-avian reptiles Avesarrow_forward2) Identify the synapomorphies that unite the non-bilaterian phyla, as well as the protostome phyla, and the deuterostome phyla 3) Characterize each phylum of non-bilaterian and protostome phyla with their synapomorphies and differencesarrow_forward
- Flatworms have no coelom. Recent gene sequencing shows that their closest relatives are the rotifers and gastrotrichs (which are pseudocoelomate), the bryozoans (which are coelomate), and the entoprocts (which are acoelomate). Which of the following is a legitimate conclusion? Flatworms, rotifers, and gastrotrichs form a monophyletic group. Flatworms and bryozoans form a monophyletic group. Flatworms and entoprocts form a monophyletic group. Bryozoans, rotifers, and gastrotrichs form a monophyletic group. There must be flaws in the gene sequence analyses.arrow_forwardList the two major groups of animals in theDeuterostomia.arrow_forwardMake a phylogenetic tree just including the following= phylum nematoda (enoplea and chromadorea) phylum nematomorpha Phylum Priapulida Phylum Kinorhyncha Phylum Loricifera Phylum Tardigrada Phylum Onychophora Phylum arthropoda -include subphylums and classesarrow_forward
- Define "synapomorphy" and "symplesiomorphy". Which nine phyla were placed in the old "Phylum" Aschelminthes? What characters did these share? Were these synapomorphies or sympleisomorphies? Which phyla are now placed in the Gnathifera? What synapomorphy(ies) do they share?arrow_forwardwhich of the following features does not distinguish humans as a member of phylum chordata as opposed to other deuterostomes? human embryos exhibit pharyngeal arches in gill suits The human coccyx forms from an embryonic tail A spinal cord runs along an adult humans dorsal side human embryos undergo indeterminate cleavagearrow_forwardThe taxon Teleostomi is defined as the group which includes all the descendants of the common ancestor of ray-finned fishes and birds (Aves). How many branches on this tree would have their organisms included in Teleostomi? Pisces Osteichthyes (bony fishes) Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fishes) Cyclostomata FAgnatha) Tetrapoda Amniota Reptilia 0 6 07 8. 0 9 ochemistr..docx W Electrochemistr....docx DropboxInstalle..dmg Mixini (hagfishes) Petromizontida (lampreys) Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes) Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) Actinistia (coelacanths) Dipnoi dungfishes) Amphibia Mammalia Non-avian reptiles Avesarrow_forward
- Three major phylogenetic groups of Bilateria are currently recognized: Ecdysozoa, Lophotrochozoa, and Deuterostomia. Which of these three groups is least diverse? Where are humans?arrow_forwardDownload a phylogenetic tree of Bilateria that includes the ten phyla of bilaterian discussed in this module. From the tree, be able to identify whether members of the phylum are coelomates (C), pseudocoelomates (P), or acoelomates (A). Use your labeled tree to answer the following questions: a) For each of the three major clades of bilaterian, what can be inferred about whether the common ancestor of the clade had a true coelom? b) To what extent has the presence of a true coelom in animals changed over the course of evolution?arrow_forwardWhat characters unite rotifers and acanthocephalans as members of clade Syndermata?arrow_forward
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