Biochemistry
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781305577206
Author: Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Question
Chapter 32, Problem 13P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The equilibrium potential for K+ and Na+ needs to be determined.
Concept Introduction :
The cell potential for non-standard condition can be calculated using the Nernst Equation. It equates the reaction quotient to the calculated cell potential and determines the equilibrium constant for the reaction.
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1. An electrochemical cell consist of 0.2715 Ibs of MnO2, and 0.2524 Ibs of PbO2. A current flow through a 1.1 ohm resistor of electrochemical cell for 45 mins. The reaction takes place at 400k and the total volume of the solution is 504.9 cm^3. Use the standard reduction cell potential table for MnO2 and PbO2:
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Resting membrane potential (assume the following initial conditions; EK = -81 mV, ENa = 58 mV, b = 0.02)
Question 9 options:
a. If the Na+, K+-ATPase pump was poisoned and ceased working, the membrane potential would gradually become less negative.
b. If the extracellular concentration of K+ increased, the membrane potential would depolarize.
c. If the intracellular concentration of Na+ doubled, the permeability of the membrane to Na+ would decrease.
d. Both a) and b) are correct and c) is incorrect
e. Statements a), b) and c) are all correct
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- One of the important uses of the Nernst equation is in describing the flow of ions across plasma membranes. Ions move under the influence of two forces: the concentration gradient (given in electrical units by the Nernst equation) and the electrical gradient (given by the membrane voltage). This is summarized by Ohms law: Ix=Gx(VmEx) which describes the movement of ion x across the membrane. I is the current in amperes (A); G is the conductance, a measure of the permeability of x, in Siemens (S), which is I/V;Vm is the membrane voltage; and Ex is the equilibrium potential of ion x. Not only does this equation tell how large the current is, but it also tells what direction the current is flowing. By convention, a negative value of the current represents either a positive ion entering the cell or a negative ion leaving the cell. The opposite is true of a positive value of the current. a. Using the following information, calculate the magnitude of Na [ Na+ ]0=145mM,[ Na+ ]i=15mM,Gna+=1nS,Vm=70mV b. Is Na+ entering or leaving the cell? c. Is Na+ moving with or against the concentration gradient? Is it moving with or against the electrical gradient?arrow_forwardThe ion flows across neuronal membranes at rest and duringan action potential do not significantly change bulk ionconcentrations, except for that of Ca2+ ions. Resting Ca2+ ionconcentrations in cells are usually about 10–7 M, and Ca2+ ionsexert physiological effects at concentrations of perhaps 10–5 M.Explain why relative changes of intracellular [Ca2+] are muchgreater than for, say, [Na+] (12–50 mM).arrow_forwardCalculate the free energy of transport for the movement of potassium by the sodium/potassium pump under normal physiological conditions: 4 mM serum potassium, 135 mM intracellular potassium, 37.1 °C, and resting potential -82 mV. Express your answer in kJ/mol. Show all work. Calculate the free energy of transport for the movement of potassium by the sodium/potassium pump under disturbed conditions of 2 mM serum potassium. Assume all other parameters remain the same. Express your answer in kJ/mol. Show all work. What factors could limit the continued action of the sodium/potassium pump when only 2 mM potassium is present in the blood plasma? Note that under normal physiological conditions, the cell interior contains 11 mM sodium and the blood contains 140 mM sodium.arrow_forward
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- True and false - A k+ channel will be just as permeable to Na+ as to K+ because Na+ is a smaller ion - channel proteins are for small things like ions, not larger molecules like sugars - channel proteins have specificity by providing amino acid side chains to H bongs with particular ions in place of those ions binding with water -Ion channels all low ions to pass through in either direction depending on the electrochemical gradient of the ion - the free energy of an ion travelling across the plasma membrane depends completely on the ions concentration inside versus outside the cellarrow_forwardSuppose replacing 1H127I with 2H127I. What changes would it be for the peak wavenumbers and for the spacing between adjacent peaks?arrow_forwardCalculate the equilibrium membrane potentials to be expected across a membrane at 37 ∘C, with a NaCl concentration of 0.50M on the "right side" and 0.08 M on the "left side", given the following conditions. In each case, state which side is (+) and which is (−). Membrane permeable only to Cl−.arrow_forward
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