Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781260159363
Author: Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
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Textbook Question
Chapter 31A, Problem 2.2A
What is the difference between a reflex response and a voluntary reaction to a stimulus? Which would you expect to have a shorter response time? Why?
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What is the basic difference between a local homeostatic response and a reflex?
The reflex arc is the fastest way the body has to move a body part from danger or away from the source of pain. Have you ever noticed your own reflex response? Did you notice that you felt the pain after you yanked your hand away from the source of pain?
Which is the sequence of structures involved in a reflex response?
a. motor neurons → effectors → brain → sensory neurons → interneurons
b. effectors → sensory neurons → brain → motor neurons
c. sensory neurons → interneurons → motor neurons → effectors
d. sensory neurons → motor neurons → interneurons → effectors
What happens when the response produced by the effector causes a decrease in the magnitude of the stimulus that triggered the sequence of events?
Chapter 31A Solutions
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
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- Which of the following statements is CORRECT in describing the positive feedback control systems in our body? Group of answer choices The response counteracts the stimulus, shutting off the response loop. The response reinforces the stimulus, sending the variable farther from the set-point. The response is able to move the variable closer to the set-point. The response is able to move the variable farther from the set-point by suppressing the stimulus.arrow_forwardWhich of the following homeostatic control systems anticipate fluctuations in a variable and speed up the response even before it is altered? (a) reflex arc (b) negative feedback (c) feedforward mechanisms (d)positive feedback (e) afferent pathwayarrow_forwardWe regularly make conscious decisions to make specific muscular movements. For example, when using the touch interface of your phone, you make a conscious effort to scroll up and down the screen using your finger. In contrast, there are many muscular movements that cannot be controlled voluntarily. For example, you cannot make your heart stop by thinking about it. Which of the following statements correctly identifies the parts of the nervous system that are involved in voluntary and involuntary actions, respectively? Select one: a. Motor neurons of the somatic nervous system and motor neurons of the autonomic nervous system b. Motor neurons of the autonomic nervous system and sensory neurons of the somatic nervous system c. Sensory neurons of the somatic nervous system and sensory neurons of the autonomic nervous system d. Sensory neurons of the peripheral nervous system and motor neurons of the autonomic nervous systemarrow_forward
- Is reaction time voluntary or involuntary? or does reaction time cover both voluntary and involuntary responses?arrow_forwardJeremy stubbed his toe on his dresser. He immediately began rubbing his toe to ease the pain. Which concept best explains this method of pain reduction? Expectancy theory Gate-control theory Opponent-process theory Phantom limb Trichromatic theoryarrow_forwardThe venom of some cobras contains a mixture of substances that have a variety of physiological effects. One substance in the venom works by preventing acetylcholine from binding to muscle receptors. Which of the following describes the effect of the venom on the prey of the cobra? Question 5 options: Muscle contractions are prevented, causing paralysis. Muscle contractions occur, but refractory periods would be longer. Action potentials are continuously generated, causing tetanus. Weak muscle contractions occur but are limited by ATP production by glycolysis.arrow_forward
- If the response to a stimulus is a change from a negative potential to a less negative potential, the change is called: stimulus response Repolarization Depolarization Stimulus recoveryarrow_forwardList four factors that might influence the reaction time to a stimulus .Consider the ruler drop response time test you performed; do you believe it was valid and reliable? Why or why not ? Provide justifications for your answer. [Hints: Here are a few ideas. Will you conduct many tests on the same subjects (that means the people you are testing))? Is it necessary to use averages? Are there any precautions to take? [Are there any variables that must remain constant?]arrow_forwardWhat is reciprocal inhibition? How does this term relate to “good” and/or “altered” posture?arrow_forward
- What signals are sent around the body of a sprinter when he or she is about to start? Start with the sound from the gun. If a sprinter starts less than 0.1 second (one tenth of a second) after the start shot, he or she will be discarded. Why is the rule like that? Why do we call the nervous system a "signal system?" Can you compare it to anything else? Why is it especially important to protect the spine, for example in sports such as skiing and cross? What can be the consequences of an injury to the spine?arrow_forwardIn describing a positive feedback loop, which of the following would be true? a) the sensor and control center are always the same b) the effector signals the control center to shut off the initial stimulus c) the effect shuts off the initial stimulus d) the effect amplifies the initial stimuarrow_forwardIn a negative feedback loop, the effector moves the system in the direction as the stimulus.arrow_forward
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