Concept Introduction:
Seigniorage: It is an act of generating revenue from printing money by the central bank of a country. It is the profit earned by the government. There is always a difference between the face value of the printed money and the cost incurred in printing it. Such difference generates the profit.
Investment spending: All those spending which are done on physical capital which means that only expenses that increase economy level of physical capital is known as investment spending.
Crowding out: Fiscal and monetary expansion leads to increase in real GDP as well as interest rate. High interest rate decreases the level of investment which means the increase in GDP is not complete; some amount is crowded out due to increase in interest rate.
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