Loose Leaf For Integrated Principles Of Zoology
18th Edition
ISBN: 9781260411140
Author: Cleveland P Hickman Jr. Emeritus, Susan L. Keen, David J Eisenhour Professor PhD, Allan Larson, Helen I'Anson Associate Professor of Biology
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 31, Problem 5RQ
Place the following in correct order to describe the circuit of blood through the vascular system of a fish: ventricle, gill capillaries, sinus venosus, body tissue capillaries, atrium, dorsal aorta.
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Write the following structures into sequence as a drop of blood would pass them on the double circuit of a mammalian system.
aorta to systemic arteries and arterioles
aortic semilunar valve
inferior and superior vena cavae
left atrioventricular valve (also called biscupid or mitral valve)
left atrium
left ventricle
pulmonary capillaries to venules
pulmonary trunk/arteries to arterioles
pulmonary semilunar valve
pulmonary veins
right atrioventricular valve (also called tricuspid valve)
right atrium
right ventricle
systemic capillaries to venules and veins
Blood is pushed out of the heart through a large vessel, called the aorta. The aorta then divides into smaller and smaller blood vessels, eventually reaching vessels called capillaries. Capillaries are so small that oxygen and nutrients can diffuse across the vessel walls and into the tissues of the body, with CO2 and waste diffusing back into the blood.
Let's say that the cross-sectional area of the aorta is 1 cm2 = 100 mm2. The blood pumps through the aorta at 100 mm/s but only through the capillaries at 1 mm/s. If each capillary has a cross-sectional area of 20 mm2, how many capillaries must there be in the body?
Note: these numbers are not physiologically correct, but were chosen to make the math easier. The blood velocity through the aorta is closer to 300 mm/s. The capillaries have a total cross-sectional area of ~600,000 mm2 (6000 cm2), with a blood flow rate closer to 0.2 mm/s.
Which of the following is the correct sequence of blood flow through pulmonary circulation?
Group of answer choices
Right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary arteries → pulmonary capillaries (in lungs) → pulmonary veins → left atrium
Left atrium → left ventricle → pulmonary arteries → pulmonary capillaries (in lungs) → pulmonary veins → right atrium
Right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary capillaries (in lungs) → pulmonary arteries → pulmonary veins → left atrium
Left atrium → left ventricle → pulmonary capillaries (in lungs) → pulmonary arteries → pulmonary veins → right atrium
Left atrium → left ventricle → pulmonary veins → pulmonary arteries → pulmonary capillaries (in lungs) → right atrium
Chapter 31 Solutions
Loose Leaf For Integrated Principles Of Zoology
Ch. 31 - Name the chief intracellular electrolytes and the...Ch. 31 - What is the fate of spent erythrocytes in the...Ch. 31 - Prob. 3RQCh. 31 - Two distinctly different styles of circulatory...Ch. 31 - Place the following in correct order to describe...Ch. 31 - Trace the flow of blood through a mammalian heart,...Ch. 31 - Explain the origin and conduction of the...Ch. 31 - Define the terms systole and diastole. Distinguish...Ch. 31 - Prob. 9RQCh. 31 - Prob. 10RQ
Ch. 31 - Prob. 11RQCh. 31 - Describe an advantage of a fishs gills for...Ch. 31 - Describe the tracheal system of insects. What is...Ch. 31 - Trace the route of inspired air in humans from the...Ch. 31 - Prob. 15RQCh. 31 - How does a frog ventilate its lungs? Contrast an...Ch. 31 - What is the role of carbon dioxide in the control...Ch. 31 - Prob. 18RQCh. 31 - Prob. 19RQCh. 31 - The ability of hemoglobin to bind oxygen decreases...Ch. 31 - At high altitudes, the partial pressure of oxygen...
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- As blood goes from the left ventricle through the arteries and veins of the human body, both its speed and pressure change. The arteries and arterioles can either constrict, reducing the area, or dilate, increasing the area, in response to certain conditions. Both of these changes can affect blood flow and blood pressure. An artery can also develop a permanent narrow area (stenosis) or a permanent wide area (aneurysm). Both of these changes can have significant health consequences. Suppose that in response to some stimulus a small blood vessel narrows to 90% of its original diameter. If there is no change in the pressure across the vessel, what is the ratio of the new volume flow rate to the original flow rate?A. 0.66 B. 0.73 C. 0.81 D. 0.90arrow_forwardDraw and label the veins and arteries of the upper thorax and neck of the cat.arrow_forwardWhat is the correct path through the circulatory system which describes the passage of blood originating in the left leg? Vena cava → left atrium → right atrium → lungs → left ventricle → right ventricle → aorta Vena cava → left atrium → left ventricle → lungs → right atrium → right ventricle → aorta Vena cava → right atrium → left atrium → lungs → right ventricle → left ventricle → aorta Vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle → lungs → left atrium → left ventricle → aortaarrow_forward
- Which of the following rows correctly identifies the movement of solutes on the arterial end and venous end of a capillary during capillary exchange with muscle tissue? Row Arterial End Venous End CO2 and wastes out of the muscle tissue cells O2 and nutrients into the muscle tissue cells CO2 and wastes into the muscle tissue cells O2 and nutrients out of the muscle tissue cells O2 and nutrients out of the muscle tissue cells CO2 and wastes into the muscle tissue cells O2 and nutrients into the muscle tissue cells CO2 and wastes out of the muscle tissue cellsarrow_forwardThe English physiologist William Harvey made all of the following circulatory discoveries except: both pulmonary and systemic blood pressure comes from pumping of the heart the function of valves in the veins is to direct blood flow back to the heart blood in the arteries is under more pressure than is blood in the veins arterial pressure is greatest during diastole and lowest during systole the function of the vertebrate heart is to pump blood continuouslyarrow_forwardlist all major veins and arteries that supply and transport blood from different parts of the body of an animal.arrow_forward
- Trace the flow of blood in a linear sequence beginning at the lungs and proceeding to the left heart and back to the lungs: Lungs to Left heart and back to the lungs Group of answer choices pulmonary artery, left atria, left ventricle, aorta, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venuloes, veins, vena cava, right atria/ventricle, pulmonary vein pulmonary vein, left atria, left ventricle, aorta, arterioles, arteries, capillaries, venuoles, veins, vena cava, right atria/ventricle, pulmonary artery pulmonary artery, left atria, left ventricle, aorta, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, veins, venuoles, vena cava, right atria/ventricle, pulmonary vein pulmonary vein, left atria, left ventricle, aorta, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venuloes, veins, vena cava, right atria/ventricle, pulmonary arteryarrow_forwardIdentify whether the following statement is either true or false. Left ventricle->Left atrium->Right ventricle->Right atrium is the correct sequence for blood entering the heart through the vena cavae and leaving through the aorta. The sinoatrial node is situated in the wall of the interventricular septum. Impulses through the conduction system of the heart follow the ordered path: SA node->conduction myofibers->AV bundle->AV node. To clearly hear the heart sound of the bicuspid valve, a stethoscope should be placed to the left of the sternum at the second intercostal space. At late diastole, the atria and ventricles are relaxed and the aortic semilunar valve is open. During ventricular contraction all the blood is forced out of the ventricles.arrow_forwardDescribe the functions of the following structures in a frog's cardiovascular system. 1. Systemic arches 2. Dorsal aorta 3. Hepatic portal vein 4. Right atriumarrow_forward
- How might you connect "arteries," "capillaries," "veins," and "interstitial fluid" to the concept map? Select all correct statements. Check All That Apply Blood vessels include arteries, capillaries, and veins. Blood vessels include arteries, capillaries, and veins. Arteries have more smooth muscle than veins. Arteries have more smooth muscle than veins. Veins have slower blood velocity than capillaries. Veins have slower blood velocity than capillaries. Capillaries exchange dissolved substances with interstitial fluids. Capillaries exchange dissolved substances with interstitial fluids. The heart pumps interstitial fluids.arrow_forwardArrange the correct pathway of the blood systemic artery>>veins>>right side of the heart>> lungs>> left side of the heart >> systemic artery systemic artery>>left side of the heart>> lungs>> right side of the heart >> systemic vein >> artery systemic vein>>artery>>left side of the heart>> lungs>> right side of the heart >> systemic vein systemic vein>>artery>>right side of the heart>> lungs>> left side of the heart >> systemic veinarrow_forwardThe Greek anatomist Erasistratus, originally from Ceos, identified the correct function of the right atrioventricular valve of the human heart, which was to prevent backward flow of blood from: the right ventricle to the right atrium the right ventricle to the left ventricle the right ventricle to the left atrium the left ventricle to the right ventricle the left ventricle to the left atriumarrow_forward
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