Economics: Principles & Policy
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781337696326
Author: William J. Baumol; Alan S. Blinder; John L. Solow
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Question
Chapter 31, Problem 4TY
(a)
To determine
Explain the size of M.
(b)
To determine
Explain the monetary base and the size of M.
(c)
To determine
Explain the relationship between M and B.
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Consider a banking system where the Federal Reserve uses required reserves to control the money supply. (This was the case in the U.S. prior to
2008.) Assume that banks do not hold excess reserves and that households do not hold currency, so the only form of money is demand deposits. To
simplify the analysis, suppose the banking system has total reserves of $300. Determine the money multiplier and the money supply for each reserve
requirement listed in the following table.
Reserve Requirement
Money Supply
(Percent)
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(Dollars)
5
10
A higher reserve requirement is associated with a
money supply.
Suppose the Federal Reserve wants to increase the money supply by $200. Again, you can assume that banks do not hold excess reserves and that
households do not hold currency. If the reserve requirement is 10%, the Fed will use open-market operations to
2$
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Now, suppose that, rather than immediately lending out all excess reserves, banks begin…
The Federal Reserve and the money supply
Suppose the money supply (as measured by checkable deposits) is currently $300 billion. The required reserve ratio is 25%. Banks hold $75 billion in reserves, so there are no excess reserves.
The Federal Reserve (“the Fed”) wants to decrease the money supply by $32 billion, to $268 billion. It could do this through open-market operations or by changing the required reserve ratio. Assume for this question that you can use the simple money multiplier.
If the Fed wants to decrease the money supply using open-market operations, it should ______(buy/sell) $_________
billion worth of U.S. government bonds.
If the Fed wants to decrease the money supply by adjusting the required reserve ratio, it should ______(increase/decrease) the required reserve ratio.
THis is one question . please answer with an explanation.
BUSN5 CH2 WKSMultiple ChoiceIdentify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.1. Define economics.a) a financial and social systemb) the study of a country’s overall economic issuesc) the integration between consumers, families, and businessesd) the study of the choices that different entities make in allocating resources2. Macroeconomics focuses ona) the major issues facing the national economy, but has little or no relevance to individuals.b) smaller economic units such as individual consumers, families, and individual businesses operating within the economy.c) the major issues facing the national economy that may seem abstract, but directly affect an individual’s day-to-day life. d) the role of government, while microeconomics focuses on the private sector.3. After the collapse of the dot com bubble and the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the stock market depreciated and unemployment increased leading many to fear that the…
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- Assume there is an economy with a single bank, and the central bank sets the reserve requirement ratio at 10%. Assume also that the only bank had no transactions (i.e., no loans, reserves, or deposits) prior to an individual who deposits $10,000 of currency with the bank. Show your work. (a) After the bank has issued the maximum amount of loans, what will be the total amount of loans, deposits, and money in the economy?arrow_forward1. Suppose that initially the money supply (M1) of the economy is made up of $1,000. a. If people hold all of their money and do not deposit any of it into the bank, what is the size of the money supply? b. Suppose that people deposit the entire $1,000 into their checking account. Assume that the banks have a 100% required reserve ratio. Now what is the size of the money supply? c. Suppose the entire $1,000 is deposited into checking accounts. Now banks have a required reserve ratio of 5%. How large could the money supply become? Show this using the Money Supply and Money Demand model. d. What is the effect on the money supply if the required reserve ratio is changed from 5% to 10% ? Show this using the Money Supply and Money Demand model.arrow_forwardNow, suppose that, rather than immediately lending out all excess reserves, banks begin holding some excess reserves due to uncertain economic conditions. Specifically, banks increase the percentage of deposits held as reserves from 10% to 25%. This increase in the reserve ratio causes the money multiplier to to . Under these conditions, the Fed would need to 2$ worth of U.S. government bonds in order to increase the money supply by $200. Which of the following statements help to explain why, in the real world, the Fed cannot precisely control the money supply? Check all that apply. The Fed cannot prevent banks from lending out required reserves. The Fed cannot control the amount of money that households choose to hold as currency. The Fed cannot control whether and to what extent banks hold excess reserves.arrow_forward
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- The following diagram shows the Money Market for a hypothetical economy. Suppose that the economy begins with a Money Supply (Ms) of $300 million, and an equilibrium interest rate of 5.0%. Finally suppose that the required reserve ratio (rr) is 15%. Use the scenario to answer Questions 10 to 13. Interest rates (i) 5.5% 5% 4.5% Ms O increase the money supply $10 million O increase the money supply $100 million O decrease the money supply $300 million O decrease the money supply $200 million O decrease the money supply $100 million $200 $300 $350 Mp Quantity of Money (millions) Suppose that the Central Bank wished to raise the equilibrium interest rate up to 5.5%. In order to achieve this, it would need I toarrow_forwardQuestion 2 If reserves increase, banks have the ability to make more loans, which as we have seen would increase the money supply. Suppose the Fed uses open market operations to add $1 million in reserves to the banking system, and all banks keep a ratio of reserves to deposits of 20%. Then according to the money multiplier formula, by how much will the money supply ultimately increase? (Answer in millions, to the nearest .1 million if your answer is not an integer.) Your Answer: Answer D View hint for Question 2 Question 3 (. Chapter 11 mentions that in the past the Fed did not pay interest on accounts that banks kept with it, but that since 2008 it has paid interest on these accounts. Does the Fed paying interest have any effect on the ratio of reserves to deposits that banks choose to hold? Does it increase the reserve ratio, decrease it, or have no effect on it? Explain briefly. (Graded for participation only.)arrow_forwardSuppose that the reserve requirement for checking deposits is 16 percent and that banks do not hold any excess reserves. If the Fed sells $2 million of government bonds, the economy's reserves (either increase or decrease) by $______million, and the money supply will (increase or decrease) by $______million. Now suppose the Fed lowers the reserve requirement to 8 percent, but banks choose to hold another 8 percent of deposits as excess reserves. True or False: The money multiplier will increase. False True or False: As a result, the overall change in the money supply will increase. Truearrow_forward
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