Concept explainers
(a)
To discuss: The evolutionary adaptation, cephalization has both advantages and disadvantages.
Introduction: Animal phylogeny is the rapidly changing field for the biologists. Members of the animal kingdom are incredibly diverse. There are various animals sharing certain features that differentiate them from other organisms of the kingdom.
(b)
To discuss: The evolutionary adaptation, exoskeleton has both advantages and disadvantages.
Introduction: Animal phylogeny is the rapidly changing field for the biologists. Members of the animal kingdom are incredibly diverse. There are various animals sharing certain features that differentiate them from other organisms of the kingdom.
(c)
To discuss: The evolutionary adaptation, specialized segmentation has both advantages and disadvantages.
Introduction: Animal phylogeny is the rapidly changing field for the biologists. Members of the animal kingdom are incredibly diverse. There are various animals sharing certain features that differentiate them from other organisms of the kingdom.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 31 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
- 1 page: Members of the Class Aves and Teleost members of the Class Osteichthyes have both undergone significant radiations. Characterize both aves and teleosts as highly derived from other vertebrates by giving examples of several unique evolutionary structures from each group.arrow_forwardIn the evolution of the skeleton, release of collagen by specialized amoebocytes and followed by the release CaCo3 by amobocytes cells first appears in the collagen skeletal matric formed by: a) the sponge b)prokaryotes c)Osyteocytes of the Boney fishes, d) Adipose cells, e) Neuocytes of the choridates. Part 2) What is the process that would be employed by the two types of cells considered in the previous question? A) carried out by photosynthesis, B)Occurs in the nucleus C)captures solar radiation D) is carried by the Golgi apparatus thriugh exocytosis, E) doesn't happen.arrow_forwardThe evolution / development of the skeletal system of the vertebrate is an example of the process of cellular specialization. This refers to the fact? a) all the ectoderm cells remain the same b) the cells derived from the endoderm to form osteocytes that secrete collagen c) the cells of the endoderm form chondrocytes that become notochord d) genes are activated or surpressed in the cells from the original mesoderm causing them to become chondrocytes and osteocytes the stem cells that sequentially produce the componets of the skeleton e) genes are not involved in this function?arrow_forward
- Please help to answer with explanation: Cnidaria (jelly fish) have neuromuscular (nerve net) cells in their ectoderm. These cells are important in evolution because they represent cells specializing to become a) the lungs, b) the cells forming a specialized tissue. c) the first tissue to perform photosynthesis d) tall are true, e) none are true.arrow_forwardIn vertebrates, what anatomical structure partially or completely replaces the notochord? 1.) lateral-line system 2.) cartilage or a bony skeleton 3.) endostyle 4.) dorsal hallow nerve cordarrow_forwardEvidence exists that a catastrophic collision between Earth and a large extraterrestrial body occurred 66 mya, resulting in the extinction of (a) worms, mollusks, and soft-bodied arthropods (b) jawless ostracoderms and jawed placoderms (c) dinosaurs, pterosaurs, and many gymnosperm species(d) mastodons, saber-toothed cats, and giant ground sloths (e) ferns, horsetails, and club mossesarrow_forward
- Name three features often associated with the evolution of an endoparasitic lifestyle. Compare and contrast these features between endoparasites from three phyla and their closest non-endoparasitic relatives. Assuming the features are adaptive, which of them do these comparisons suggest are exaptations?arrow_forwardThe ancestors of extant tetrapods first evolved the ability to live out of water over 350 million years ago. Which of the following had to have been true for natural selection to have favored the original evolution of limbs? A) Closely related lineages that remained in the ocean must have gone extinct. There must have been differences in survival and or/reproduction based on size, musculature, bones or other (B functional aspects of early limbs. Large predators must have been a major source of mortality for populations that spent more time in the water and less on land. The ability of some ancestral fish-tetrapod transitional forms to move from one body of water to another during D droughts must have led to decreased mortality. E There must have been less competition for food on land.arrow_forwardWhich is NOT an example of a structural homology? Please choose all applicable options. a) All vertebrate embryos form pharyngeal pouches.b) Vertebrate forelimbs generally have the same number and a similar arrangement of bones.c) The same group of embryonic cells forms the adult jaw of a perch and of a dog.d) All organisms share a common genetic code.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is/are exaptations? a) Group of answer choices b) Feathers of birds c) Production of many small offspring in high predation sites. d) mammalian inner ear ossicles (bones) e) Development of a waxy cuticle in dry environments.arrow_forward1. Concept Check The similarity in bone structure and arrangement between cats and bats suggests that Humerus Radius Ulna Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges Human Cat Whale Bat a) bats originated from bird-like ancestors. b) bats originated from four-legged ancestors, such as cats. c) modern bats fly much faster than ancient bat species. © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 2. Concept Check Darwin proposed the theory of natural selection as the mechanism of evolution based on three observations about nature. Which of the following were part of Darwin's observations? a) Populations have the potential to produce more individuals than the environment can support. b) Individuals in some populations have varied characteristics. Variation in individuals appears to be inherited. d) all of the above © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.arrow_forwardPut the following milestones in animal evolution in orderfrom oldest to most recent: (a) origin of mammals,(b) earliest evidence of terrestrial arthropods, (c) Ediacaranfauna, (d) extinction of large, nonflying dinosaurs.arrow_forward
- Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning