Microbiology: An Introduction
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780321733603
Author: Gerard J. Tortora, Berdell R. Funke, Christine L. Case
Publisher: Benjamin Cummings
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Chapter 3, Problem 9R
Fill in the following table regarding the
| Appearance After This Step | |||
| Steps | Gram-Positive Cells | Gram-Negative Cells | |
| Crystal violet | a. __________ | e. __________ | |
| Iodine | b. __________ | f. __________ | |
| Alcohol-acetone | c. __________ | q. __________ | |
| Safranin | d. __________ | h. __________ | |
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Explain the principle of Gram staining. (You do not need to describe the procedure step by step).
Explain how bacterial cells would look in the gram staining procedure if the following mistakes were made:
a. Decolorizer left on too long
b. Decolorizer not left on long enough
c. Slide not heat-fixed before staining
Which of the following describes the usefulness of a Gram stain. Select all that apply.
a. A Gram stain can be used to check for bacteria at the site of a suspected infection or in certain body fluids, such as blood or urine.
b. A Gram stain can be used to determine whether penicillin will be effective at treating the patient or whether a different antibiotic should be used.
c. A Gram stain can determine whether the bacteria have a thick or thin layer of peptidoglycan in their cell wall.
Chapter 3 Solutions
Microbiology: An Introduction
Ch. 3 - Fill in the following blanks. 1. 1 m = ________ m...Ch. 3 - Prob. 2RCh. 3 - Prob. 3RCh. 3 - Prob. 4RCh. 3 - Prob. 5RCh. 3 - Why is a mordant used in the Gram stain? In the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 7RCh. 3 - Prob. 8RCh. 3 - Fill in the following table regarding the Gram...Ch. 3 - NAME IT A sputum sample from Calle, a 30-year-old...
Ch. 3 - Prob. 1ACh. 3 - Prob. 2ACh. 3 - Why isnt the Gram stain used on acid-fast...Ch. 3 - Endospores can be seen as refractile structures in...Ch. 3 - Through the microscope, the green structures are...Ch. 3 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 3 - Carbolfuchsin can be used as a simple stain and a...Ch. 3 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 3 - Which of the following is not a functionally...Ch. 3 - Which of the following pairs is mismatched? 1....Ch. 3 - Assume you stain Clostridium by applying a basic...Ch. 3 - Prob. 8MCQCh. 3 - In 1996, scientists described a new tapeworm...Ch. 3 - Prob. 10MCQCh. 3 - In 1882, German bacteriologist Paul Erhlich...Ch. 3 - Laboratory diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae...Ch. 3 - Assume that you are viewing a Gram-stained sample...
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- Crystal violet ( choose all that apply) A. Is not a good differential stain B. Will stain the cytoplasm of the cell walls C. Can be used to stain peptidoglycan on bacteria cell wall D. Can be used as an effective antimicrobialarrow_forwardBoth crystal violet and safranin are basic stains and may be used to do simple stains on Gram positive and negative cells. This being the case, explain how they end up staining Gram positive and gram negative cells differently.arrow_forwardExamine the image below. The bacteria in this image have been treated with gram straining procedure. Indicate the following information: A. Shape....... gram stain( +) , Gram (-) or both B. Stained color under microscope C. PG Wall thick, thin or botharrow_forward
- Why is it necessary to use a 24-hrold culture in gram staining? What does Gram staining reveal owing to its use in clinical diagnosis? Indicate color staining results of gram positive and negative bacteria for every hypothetical scenario. Modification in Procedure Staining results 1. Crystal violet was replaced with methylene blue. G+ G- 2. Mordant was skipped G+ G- 3. Decolorizing step was omitted G+ G- 4. counterstain was not used? G+ G- 5. Crystal violet and safranin was swapped in position. G+ G- What bacterial specimen represent the following: (a) positive simple staining; and (b) negative simple staining viewed under OIO. Provide details such as specimen and bacterial stain used and reference. Positive Staining 1000 X Negative Staining 1000 Xarrow_forwardExplain the difference between Gram positive and Gram negative cell walls. Describe the procedure for performing a Gram stain. What is the procedure? How does each component work? (ie. What does the mordant do?) How is the Gram stain used clinically to help identify the cause of an infection?arrow_forwardExamine the image below. The bacteria in this image have been treated with gram straining procedure. Indicate the following information A. Shape ........; Gram stain ( Gram (+), Gram (-) or both ... B. Stained color under microscope..... . C. Is the PG wall think, thin or both ..arrow_forward
- Explain why only gram-negative cells undergo decolorization during the gram staining procedure. Cite the purpose of each of the following reagents in a differential staining procedure. Primary stain Mordant Decolorizing Agent Counter stain What might happen if the Gram staining procedure is performed on a culture incubated for a little over a dayarrow_forwardBased from the results obtained from Gram staining, explain why bacterial cells retained or changed their color. Briefly explain the principle behind the procedure. Cite advantages of differential staining method (Gram staining and endospore staining) over simple staining only. List other staining methods aside from those you performed in the laboratory. conclusion:arrow_forwardDescribe the procedure for performing a Gram stain. What is the procedure? How does each component work? (ie. What does the mordant do?)arrow_forward
- What are the principle and basic concepts of GRAM STAIN? (please explain it thoroughly in a lengthy but clear explanation, thank you so much.)arrow_forwardThe bacterial cells in the image below were stained with a high concentration of carbolfuschin for an extended period of time (5 minutes) while the slide was heated. The slide was decolorized with a mixture of acid and alcohol. The slide was then counter-stained with methylene blue. What kind of stain does this describe?arrow_forwardWhat is the function of the mordant used in the Gram staining procedure? If the iodine step is skipped, what color are Gram-negative cells observedarrow_forward
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