Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Molecular formula for unknown compound has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Ideal
Here,
(a)
Answer to Problem 3.9E
Mass of
Explanation of Solution
Conversion factor to convert
Rearrange equation (1) to determine value of
Substitute
Number of moles of nitrogen present in
Number of moles of hydrogen gas present in
Ratio of nitrogen to hydrogen can be calculated as follows:
Therefore formula unit is
Total molar mass of gas can be calculated as follows:
Therefore, number of formula unit of
(b)
Interpretation:
Lewis structure of
Concept Introduction:
Lewis structure represents covalent bonds and describes valence electrons configuration of atoms. The covalent bonds are depicted by lines and unshared electron pairs by pairs of dots. The sequence to write Lewis structure of some molecule is given as follows:
- The central atom is identified and various other atoms are arranged around it. This central atom so chosen is often the least electronegative.
- Total valence electrons are estimated for each atom.
- single bond is first placed between each atom pair.
- The electrons left can be allocated as unshared electron pairs or as multiple bonds around
symbol of element to satisfy the octet (or duplet) for each atom. - Add charge on overall structure in case of polyatomic cation or anion.
(b)
Explanation of Solution
The molecule
Electronic configuration of
Electronic configuration of
Thus total valence electrons are sum of the valence electrons for each atom in
Skeleton structure
Hence, 4 electrons are allocated as 2 lone pairs on each nitrogen atom. The Lewis structure of
(c)
Interpretation:
Amount of nitrogen gas effused through small hole in
Concept Introduction:
Effusion is explained as movement of the gas molecule through small hole. Diffusion can be explained as one gas molecule mix with another gas molecule by random motion.
(c)
Answer to Problem 3.9E
Amount of nitrogen gas effused through small hole in
Explanation of Solution
The expression for molar masses of
Rearrange equation (3) to calculate amount of
Substitute
Hence amount of nitrogen gas effused through small hole in
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Chapter 3 Solutions
CHEMICAL PRINCIPLES (LL) W/ACCESS
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