ND STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY LOOSELEAF GENETICS: FROM GENES TO GENOMES
ND STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY LOOSELEAF GENETICS: FROM GENES TO GENOMES
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781260406092
Author: HARTWELL, Leland, HOOD, Leroy, Goldberg, Michael
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education/stony Brook University
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Chapter 3, Problem 2P

In four-o’clocks, the allele for red flowers is incompletely dominant to the allele for white flowers, so heterozygotes have pink flowers. What ratios of flower colors would you expect among the offspring of the following crosses: (a) pink × pink,(b) white × pink, (c) red × red, (d) red × pink,(e) white × white, and (f) red × white? If you specifically wanted to produce pink flowers, which of these crosses would be most efficient?

Expert Solution
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Summary Introduction

To determine:

The ratio of flower colors that would be expected among the offspring of the crosses pink × pink, white × pink, red × red, red × pink, white × white, and red × white.

Introduction:

According to Mendel's conclusion, a pair of factors control the expression of a trait (a term that was used by Mendel for genes), and each factor of the pair segregate from each other during gamete formation.

Explanation of Solution

In four-o’ clocks, alleles of the red flowers are incompletely dominant to the allele for white flowers. Consider that genotype of red flowers is AA, then genotype of white flowers would be aa. Pink flowers are producing from the cross of these two flowers so its genotype would be Aa.

Condition (a)

The cross of two pink flowers (Aa×Aa) is taking place means the formed gametes would be A and a from both the parents. The ratio of the flowers that are expected to produce among the offspring of this cross is shown in the Punnett square.

♀/♂ A a
A AA
Red flowers
Aa
Pink flower
a Aa
Pink flower
aa
White flower

The obtained ratio of red flowers, pink flowers, and white flowers is 1:2:1.

Condition (b)

The cross of white and pink flower (Aa×aa) is taking place means one parent will produce two different types of gametes that is A and a, and another parent will produce only one type of gamete that is a. The ratio of the flowers that are expected to produce among the offspring of this cross is shown in the Punnett square.

♀/♂ A a
a Aa
Pink flower
aa
White flower
a Aa
Pink flower
aa
White flower

The obtained ratio of pink flowers and white flowers is 1:1.

Condition (c)

The cross of two red flowers (AA×AA) is taking place means parents will produce only dominant gametes. The ratio of the flowers that is expected to produce among the offspring of this cross is shown in the Punnett square.

♀/♂ A A
A AA
Red flower
AA
Red flower
A AA
Red flower
AA
Red flower

All offspring that would be produced from this cross would be red flowers because both the parents are homozygous dominant.

Condition (d)

The cross of red and pink flower (AA×Aa) is taking place means one parent will produce two different types of gametes that is A and a, and another parent will produce only one type of gamete that is A. The ratio of the flowers that is expected to produce among the offspring of this cross is shown in the Punnett square.

♀/♂ A A
A AA
Red flower
AA
Red flower
a Aa
Pink flower
Aa
Pink flower

The obtained ratio of pink flowers and red flowers is 1:1.

Condition (e)

The cross of two white flowers (aa×aa) is taking place means parents will produce only recessive gametes. The ratio of the flowers that is expected to produce among the offspring of this cross is shown in the Punnett square.

♀/♂ a a
a aa
White flower
aa
White flower
a aa
White flower
aa
White flower

The offspring that would be produced from this cross would be white flowers because both the parents are homozygous recessive.

Condition (f)

The cross of red flowers and white flowers (AA×aa) is taking place means one parent is homozygous dominant so it would produce only dominant gamete that is A. Another parent is homozygous recessive so it will produce only recessive alleles that is a. The ratio of the flowers that is expected to produce among the offsprings of this cross is shown in the Punnett square.

♀/♂ A A
a Aa
Pink flower
Aa
Pink flower
a Aa
Pink flower
Aa
Pink flower

All flowers will be of pink color because allele of red flower is incompletely dominant over the allele of white flower.

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Summary Introduction

To determine:

The cross that would be most efficient to produce pink flowers.

Introduction:

Inheritance is a mechanism in which traits of the parents transfer into the offsprings of the next generation. Gregor Mendel was a monk, and he discovered three laws that describe the inheritance of factors from parents to offsprings.

Explanation of Solution

The cross of red and white flowers would be more efficient to produce pink flowers. Red flowers are homozygous dominant means the genotype of these flowers would be AA, and white flowers are homozygous recessive, which means its both gametes are recessive means aa. The cross of red flower and white flowers is as follows:

♀/♂ A A
a Aa
Pink flower
Aa
Pink flower
a Aa
Pink flower
Aa
Pink flower

It can be observed from the cross that all the produced offsprings are pink in color. Therefore, the cross of red flower and white flower would be efficient to produce pink flowers.

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Chapter 3 Solutions

ND STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY LOOSELEAF GENETICS: FROM GENES TO GENOMES

Ch. 3 - Alleles of the gene that determines seed coat...Ch. 3 - One of your fellow students tells you that there...Ch. 3 - In a population of rabbits, you find three...Ch. 3 - In clover plants, the pattern on the leaves is...Ch. 3 - Fruit flies with one allele for curly wings Cy and...Ch. 3 - In certain plant species such as tomatoes and...Ch. 3 - In a species of tropical fish, a colorful orange...Ch. 3 - People heterozygous for normal and nonfunctional...Ch. 3 - Using old Fugate family Bibles and the Perry...Ch. 3 - A rooster with a particular comb morphology called...Ch. 3 - A black mare was crossed to a chestnut stallion...Ch. 3 - Filled-in symbols in the pedigree that follows...Ch. 3 - You perform a cross between two true-breeding...Ch. 3 - a. How would you describe inheritance of flower...Ch. 3 - Suppose the intermediate called Colorless...Ch. 3 - Explain the difference between epistasis and...Ch. 3 - The dominant allele H reduces the number of body...Ch. 3 - Secretors genotypes SS and Ss secrete their A and...Ch. 3 - Normally, wild violets have yellow petals with...Ch. 3 - A woman who is blood type B has a child whose...Ch. 3 - The following table shows the responses of blood...Ch. 3 - Three different pure-breeding strains of corn that...Ch. 3 - In mice, the AY allele of the agouti gene is a...Ch. 3 - A student whose hobby was fishing pulled a very...Ch. 3 - Suppose that blue flower color in a plant species...Ch. 3 - This problem examines possible biochemical...Ch. 3 - Considering your answers to Problem 36, does the...Ch. 3 - You picked up two mice one female and one male...Ch. 3 - Figure 3.21 and Fig. 3.28b both show traits that...Ch. 3 - Three genes in fruit flies affect a particular...Ch. 3 - The garden flower Salpiglossis sinuata painted...Ch. 3 - In foxgloves, three different petal phenotypes...Ch. 3 - In a culture of fruit flies, matings between any...Ch. 3 - Prob. 44PCh. 3 - A couple wants to know the probability that their...Ch. 3 - This problem illustrates why classical geneticists...Ch. 3 - Prob. 47PCh. 3 - Familial hypercholesterolemia FH is an inherited...Ch. 3 - You have come into contact with two unrelated...Ch. 3 - Polycystic kidney disease is a dominant trait that...Ch. 3 - Identical monozygotic twins have similar, but not...Ch. 3 - Using each of the seven coat color genes discussed...
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