LooseLeaf for Human Anatomy
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781259285271
Author: Michael McKinley Dr., Valerie O'Loughlin, Elizabeth Pennefather-O'Brien
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 3, Problem 2DCR
In the late 1960s, a number of pregnant women in Europe and Canada were prescribed a drug called thalidomide. Many of these women gave birth to children with amelia (no limbs) or meromelia (malformed upper and/or lower limbs). It was later discovered that thalidomide is a teratogen that can cause limb defects in an unborn baby. Based upon this information, during what period of their pregnancy (pre-embryonic, embryonic, or fetal) do you think these women took thalidomide? During which of these periods would thalidomide cause the most harm to limb development?
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Retinoic acid is the main component of Tretinoin, an anti-cancer chemotherapy drug. Retinoic acid is also a known teratogen which can cause congenital anomalies in eyes, ears, hearts, lungs, limbs, and many other organ systems. Based on the organ systems that are impacted by exposure to retinoic acid, during which of the following trimesters of pregnancy are developing humans most susceptible to the teratogenic effects of retinoic acid?
aFirst trimester
b.Second trimester
c.Third trimester
Alcohol is the one of the most damaging teratogens, and it is also the easiest to avoid during pregnancy. It is unknown what the safe amount of alcohol consumption during pregnancy is. Therefore, it is recommended that pregnant and breastfeeding women do not consume any amount of alcohol to prevent fetal alcohol syndrome in newborns.Symptoms of the fetal alcohol syndrome include all of the following EXCEPT
Select one:
a. a lack of oxygen delivered to fetal lungs
b. a smaller or absent corpus callosum
c. a smaller birth weight, length, and head circumference
d. a learning disability, personality disorder, and facial malformation
10a) A female is exposed to a teratogen during the first and second month of pregnancy - before she even realizes she is pregnant. Which of the following birth defects might you expect to occur as a result?
Defects of the eyes and ears
Misformed or missing arms and/or legs
Heart defects
All of the above could possibly occur
b) A female is exposed to a teratogen late in pregnancy, from the fourth month until birth. Which of the following birth defects might you expect to occur as a result? (Choose all that apply!)
Heart defects
Defects of the reproductive system
Deformed or missing arms and/or legs
Defects of the eyes and/or ears
Learning disability
Chapter 3 Solutions
LooseLeaf for Human Anatomy
Ch. 3 - What are two ways in which meiosis differs from...Ch. 3 - What is crossing over, and during what phase of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3WYLCh. 3 - Prob. 4WYLCh. 3 - How is a secondary oocyte different from an ovum?Ch. 3 - Prob. 6WYLCh. 3 - What is the name of the core of cells at one end...Ch. 3 - Prob. 8WYLCh. 3 - Prob. 9WYLCh. 3 - What structure induces the process of neurulation?
Ch. 3 - Prob. 11WYLCh. 3 - What structures in the embryo are derived from the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 13WYLCh. 3 - Prob. 14WYLCh. 3 - Match each numbered item with the most closely...Ch. 3 - Prob. 1MCCh. 3 - The outer layer of the blastocyst that attaches to...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3MCCh. 3 - Somites develop from. a. paraxial mesoderm b....Ch. 3 - Prob. 5MCCh. 3 - An abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell...Ch. 3 - Prob. 7MCCh. 3 - Which of the following is not an extraembryonic...Ch. 3 - Prob. 9MCCh. 3 - The beginning of brain and spinal cord formation...Ch. 3 - Briefly describe the process of meiosis,...Ch. 3 - Prob. 2CRCh. 3 - Prob. 3CRCh. 3 - Prob. 4CRCh. 3 - What important event occurs with the formation of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 6CRCh. 3 - Prob. 7CRCh. 3 - Prob. 8CRCh. 3 - Prob. 9CRCh. 3 - Prob. 10CRCh. 3 - Jennifer is a 37-year-old woman who is just over 3...Ch. 3 - In the late 1960s, a number of pregnant women in...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3DCR
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Factors that can cause congenital malformations by affecting an embryo during its periods of rapid growth and development are called teratogens. TRUE or FALSEarrow_forwardMumps is a viral infection. The primary symptom of mumps is visible swelling of the parotid gland on either side of the face. However, the virus can also infiltrate the male reproductive system, causing the testes to atrophy. Some effects include oligospermia (low sperm count), azoospermia (no sperm in semen), and asthenospermia (reduced sperm movement). Research treatment options for reduced sperm movement. Describe one option that can be used to aid successful fertilization and explain why it helps.arrow_forwardhCG, estrogen and progesterone are hormones that are secreted throughout pregnancy. Answer the following questions about these hormones.1) Identify the structure that initially secretes hCG 2) Describe the function of hCG and identify the trimester where the hCG level is the highest 3) What are the roles of estrogen & progesterone in pregnancy 4) What structure initially secretes estrogen & progesterone? 5) What structure takes over the role of secreting hCG, estrogen & progesterone in the second and third trimesters?arrow_forward
- Suppose that in the near future, you are a prenatal care provider. In the most recent ultrasound checkup on the expecting mother, you unfortunately found that the fetus is suffering a neural tube defect in the form of anencephaly. Seeing as the mother is still in the 12th week of pregnancy or the 1st trimester, the pregnancy can still be terminated via medical means. How would you explain to the parents the situation they are in?arrow_forwardhCG, estrogen and progesterone are hormones that are secreted throughout pregnancy. Answer the following questions about these hormones. 1) What structure initially secretes estrogen & progesterone? 2)What structure takes over the role of secreting hCG, estrogen & progesterone in the second and third trimesters?arrow_forwardMumps is a viral infection. The primary symptom of mumps is visible swelling of the parotid gland on either side of the face. However, the virus can also infiltrate the male reproductive system, causing the testes to atrophy. Some effects include oligospermia (low sperm count), azoospermia (no sperm in semen), and asthenospermia (reduced sperm movement). Describe how intrauterine insemination can be used to aid successful fertilization and explain why it helps. Make sure that the treatment process AND how the process helps to improve fertility are clearly explained.arrow_forward
- Drinking alcohol during pregnancy can lead to fetal alcohol syndrome, a condition that can cause heart defects, damage to the central nervous system, deformed limbs, slow growth, and abnormal facial features. Explain how the ingested alcohol is transferred from mother to fetus.arrow_forwardDescribe the development of reproductive organs in a fetus of each gender. Which genes, gene products, and hormones are involved in the sex differences? Which sex- related hormones are circulating in high concentrations in a pregnant woman compared to a nonpregnant woman? Do these hormones cross the placenta (if you are uncertain, consider hormone chemical class relative to membrane permeability to make an educated guess)? Assuming these hormones do cross the placenta, how do they affect the hormonal environment inside the fetus, and how does this relate to fetal reproductive development?arrow_forwardSally gives birth to a baby with a congenital deformity of the stomach. She believes that it is the result of a viral infection she suffered during the third trimester of pregnancy. Is this a possibility? Explain.arrow_forward
- a) Describe the process of neuralation. b) Identify the germ layer from which the nervous system forms. c) Describe when in development neuralation occurs. d) Identify a teratogen that could affect the development of the brain during this stage of pregnancy.arrow_forwardJennifer is a 38-year old woman who is the beginning of the 16 th week of the pregnancy of her third child. Following amniocentesis, she has discovered that her fetus has Turner’s Syndrome. See https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15200-turner-syndrome. With this information in mind, and drawing on any relevant sources from Module 4, answer the following questions: (a) Does Jennifer’s fetus have a right to life? Should Jennifer have the right to access abortion at this stage of her pregnancy because of the Turner's Syndrome diagnosis? Why or why not? Which position in Lecture Notes 9 best supports your view and why?arrow_forwardUsing Next Generation Sequencing technology, biopsy of an embryo produced the following chromosomal sequencing results. What are the abnormality and sex of this embryo? Will this embryo produce a healthy livebirth and why?arrow_forward
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