College Physics
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134601823
Author: ETKINA, Eugenia, Planinšič, G. (gorazd), Van Heuvelen, Alan
Publisher: Pearson,
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Textbook Question
Chapter 3, Problem 20CQ
Explain the purpose of crumple zones, that is, the front of a car that collapses during a collision.
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Car manufacturers conduct crash tests on their cars in order to improve crash safety. In the event of a crash the head of any child travelling in the front seat can strike the glove compartment at considerable (relative) speed, even if the child is wearing a seatbelt.
(a) The manufacturers of a particular brand of car conduct head-on collision tests and find that in the absence of a passenger side air bag, a child’s head (which has a mass of 3.5 kg) goes from a speed of 40 km h−1 relative to the dashboard just before its collision to rebounding from the dash board at 15 km h−1 just after the collision. This collision lasts just 0.08 seconds. What is the average force exerted on the child’s head during this collision?
(b) The manufacturer wishes to reduce the average force involved in such a collision to 200 N. In order to achieve this they install a passenger airbag on the front of the glove compartment which quickly inflates in the event of a crash and deflates as the child’s head…
A collision analyst applies physics principles to reconstruct what happened at automobile crashes. Assume that during a head-on crash between two cars, the cars came to a stop, and a large component of a plastic bumper broke off one car and skidded along the highway shoulder leaving skid marks.
What information could the analyst gather from the bumper component and from the skid marks it produced? What measurements would be needed to estimate the speed of the cars just before the collision, and how would they be used?
Automobiles are designed with “crumple zones” intended to collapse in a collision. Why would a manufacturer design part of a car so that it collapses in a collision?
Chapter 3 Solutions
College Physics
Ch. 3 - Review Question 3.1 How do we determine how many...Ch. 3 - Review Question 3.2 A book bag hanging from a...Ch. 3 - Review Question 3.3 An elevator in a tall office...Ch. 3 - Review Question 3.4 What is the main difference...Ch. 3 - Review Question 3.5 Your friend says that m is a...Ch. 3 - Review Question 3.6 Newton’s second law says that...Ch. 3 - Review Question 3.7 Three friends argue about the...Ch. 3 - Review Question 3.8 Is the following sentence...Ch. 3 - Review Question 3.9 Explain how an air bag and...Ch. 3 - An upward-moving elevator slows to a stop as it...
Ch. 3 - You apply the brakes of your car abruptly and your...Ch. 3 - Which of the statements below explains why a child...Ch. 3 - Which observers can explain the phenomenon of...Ch. 3 - 5. Which vector quantities describing a moving...Ch. 3 - You have probably observed that magnets attract...Ch. 3 - Which of the following velocity-versus-time graphs...Ch. 3 - A book sits on a tabletop. What force is the...Ch. 3 - 9. A spaceship moves in outer space. What happens...Ch. 3 - 10. A 0.10-kg apple falls on Earth, whose mass is...Ch. 3 - 11. A man stands on a scale and holds a heavy...Ch. 3 - You stand on a bathroom scale in a moving...Ch. 3 - A person pushes a 10-kg crate, exerting a 200-N...Ch. 3 - Two small balls of the same material, one of mass...Ch. 3 - 15. A box full of lead and a box of the same size...Ch. 3 -
16. Figure Q3.16 shows an unlabeled force...Ch. 3 - A person jumps from a wall and lands stiff-legged....Ch. 3 - A 3000-kg spaceship is moving away from a space...Ch. 3 - Figure Q3.19 is a velocity-versus-time graph for...Ch. 3 - 20. Explain the purpose of crumple zones, that is,...Ch. 3 - 21. Explain why when landing on a firm surface...Ch. 3 - A small car bumps into a large truck. Compare the...Ch. 3 - 23. You are pulling a sled. Compare the forces...Ch. 3 - 25. You are holding a 100-g apple. (a) What is the...Ch. 3 - 26. You throw a 100-g apple upward. (a) While the...Ch. 3 - After having been thrown upward, a 100-g apple...Ch. 3 - * In Figure P3.1 you see unlabeled force diagrams...Ch. 3 - 2. Draw a force diagram (a) for a bag hanging at...Ch. 3 - 3. For each of the following situations, draw the...Ch. 3 - 4. You hang a book bag on a spring scale and place...Ch. 3 - 5. A block of dry ice slides at constant velocity...Ch. 3 - 6. * You throw a ball upward. (a) Draw a motion...Ch. 3 - 7. A string pulls horizontally on a cart so that...Ch. 3 - 8. * Solving the previous problem, your friend...Ch. 3 - 9. * A string pulls horizontally on a cart so that...Ch. 3 - A block of dry ice slides at a constant velocity...Ch. 3 - 11 .Three motion diagrams for a moving elevator...Ch. 3 - 12. * A student holds a thin aluminum pie pan...Ch. 3 - * Figures P3.11a b, and c show three motion...Ch. 3 - 14. * A train traveling from New York to...Ch. 3 - *Explain the phenomenon of whiplash from two...Ch. 3 - An astronaut exerts a 100-N force pushing a beam...Ch. 3 - 17. Four people participate in a rope competition....Ch. 3 - 18. * Shot put throw During a practice shot put...Ch. 3 - * You know the sum of the forces F exerted on an...Ch. 3 - * You record the displacement of an object as a...Ch. 3 - 25. * Spider-Man Spider-Man holds the bottom of an...Ch. 3 - ** Matt is wearing Rollerblades. Beth pushes him...Ch. 3 - 27. * Stuntwoman The downward acceleration of a...Ch. 3 - EST Estimate the average force that a baseball...Ch. 3 - * Super Hornet jet takeoff A2.1104-kgF-18 Super...Ch. 3 - Lunar Lander The Lunar Lander of mass 2.01024 kg...Ch. 3 - 31. Aisha throws a ball upward Frances, standing...Ch. 3 - Students Lucia. Isabel, and Austin are...Ch. 3 - 33. * Astronaut Karen Nyberg, a 60-kg astronaut,...Ch. 3 - * A 0.10-kg apple falls off a tree branch that is...Ch. 3 - 35. ** An 80-kg fireman slides 5.0 m down a fire...Ch. 3 - * Earth exerts a 1.0-N gravitational force on an...Ch. 3 - * You push a bowling ball down the lane toward the...Ch. 3 - 38. * EST (a) A 50-kg skater initially at rest...Ch. 3 - 39. ** EST Basketball player LeBron James can jump...Ch. 3 - * EST The Scottish Tug of War Association contests...Ch. 3 - Consider the experiment described in Question 3.6...Ch. 3 - 42. * EST A friend drops a 0.625-kg basketball...Ch. 3 - 43 Car safety The National Transportation Safety...Ch. 3 - 44. * A 70-kg person in a moving car stops during...Ch. 3 - BIOESTLeft ventricle pumpingThe lower left chamber...Ch. 3 - Prob. 46GPCh. 3 - 47. ** EST Olympic dive During a practice dive,...Ch. 3 - 49. ** EST You are doing squats on a bathroom...Ch. 3 - ** EST Estimate the horizontal speed of the runner...Ch. 3 - 51. ** EST Estimate the maximum acceleration of...Ch. 3 - ** EST Estimate how much Earth would move during...Ch. 3 - In an early practice run while the rocket sled was...Ch. 3 - What is Stapps67m/sspeed in miles per hour? 30mi/h...Ch. 3 - 55. What is the magnitude of the acceleration of...Ch. 3 - 56. What is the magnitude of the acceleration of...Ch. 3 - What is the average force exerted by the...Ch. 3 - 58. What is the time interval for Stapp and his...Ch. 3 - Using proportions A proportion is defined as an...Ch. 3 - Using proportions A proportion is defined as an...Ch. 3 - Using proportions A proportion is defined as an...Ch. 3 - Using proportions A proportion is defined as an...Ch. 3 - Using proportions A proportion is defined as an...
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- You and your brother argue often about how to safely secure a toddler in a moving car. You insist that special toddler seats are critical in improving the chances of a toddler surviving a crash. Your brother claims that, as long as his wife is buckled in next to him with a seat belt while he drives, she can hold onto their toddler on her lap in a crash. You decide to perform a calculation to try to convince your brother. Consider a hypothetical collision in which the 12-kg toddler and his parents are riding in a car traveling at 60 mi/h relative to the ground. The car strikes a wall, tree, or another car, and is brought to rest in 0.10 s. You wish to demonstrate to your brother the magnitude of the force necessary for his wife to hold onto their child during the collision.arrow_forwardYou and your brother argue often about how to safely secure a toddler in a moving car. You insist that special toddler seats are critical in improving the chances of a toddler surviving a crash. Your brother claims that, as long as his wife is buckled in next to him with a seat belt while he drives, she can hold onto their toddler on her lap in a crash. You decide to perform a calculation to try to convince your brother. Consider a hypothetical collision in which the 16 kg toddler and his parents are riding in a car traveling at 53 mi/h relative to the ground. The car strikes a wall, tree, or another car, and is brought to rest in 0.14 s. You wish to demonstrate to your brother the magnitude of the force necessary for his wife to hold onto their child during the collision. What is the magnitude of this force (in N)?arrow_forwardYou and your brother argue often about how to safely secure a toddler in a moving car. You insist that special toddler seats are critical in improving the chances of a toddler surviving a crash. Your brother claims that, as long as his wife is buckled in next to him with a seat belt while he drives, she can hold onto their toddler on her lap in a crash. You decide to perform a calculation to try to convince your brother. Consider a hypothetical collision in which the 16 kg toddler and his parents are riding in a car traveling at 41 mi/h relative to the ground. The car strikes a wall, tree, or another car, and is brought to rest in 0.13 s. You wish to demonstrate to your brother the magnitude of the force necessary for his wife to hold onto their child during the collision. What is the magnitude of this force (in N)? Show your work. Narrow_forward
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