Consider two identical people each generating 60 V of metabolic heat steadily while doing sedentary work and dissipating it by convection and perspiration. The first person is wearing clothes made of 1-mm-thick leather
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Heat and Mass Transfer: Fundamentals and Applications
- A thermopane window consists of two glass panes, each 0.50 cm thick, with a 1.0-cm-thick sealed layer of air in between. (a) If the inside surface temperature is 22.1°C and the outside surface temperature is 0.0°C, determine the rate of energy transfer through 1.40 m² of the window. W (b) Compare your answer to (a) with the rate of energy transfer through 1.40 m² of a single 1.0-cm-thick pane of glass. Disregard surface air layers. (Find the rate of energy transfer.) kWarrow_forwardConsider a furnace (as a plane wall) which has a thickness of 15 cm and a surface area of 1 m?. The inside surface of the furnace wall (the hot left side of the wall) is at temperature T1. The furnace wall is made of brick with thermal conductivity of 1.198 W/m.K. The outside surface of the furnace wall (the right side of the wall) has a surface emissivity of 0.8 and is maintained at T2=101 °C and subject to air at 25 °C with convection heat transfer coefficient of 20 W/m?.K. The surroundings temperature at the outside of the furnace wall is at 25 °C. Required: Draw a clear and consistent schematic of the problem and label the operating conditions on the schematic. Perform systematic analysis, state your assumptions and justify the equation used and determine the following (circle your final answers): (i) The rate of heat transfer by convection (in W); (ii) The rate of heat radiation (in W); (iii) The surface temperature of the furnace wall T1 (in °C); (iv) The rate of conduction heat…arrow_forwardAn electric device made of copper stands on an insulating carpet in a breezy room at 20°C. A fan is set in the room to ensure a continuous air circulation. Determine the total rate of heat transfer from the device if the average values of its exposed surface area and outer surface temperature are 2.5 m² and 30°C, respectively.arrow_forward
- Ice water of 0°C is stored in a spherical container made of steel with an inner diameter of 3 m and a thickness of 1 cm. This container is located in a place where the external temperature is 25℃. The temperature of the entire container is assumed to be 0°C. If thermal resistance in the container is ignored, obtain (a) the heat transfer rate to ice water, and (b) the amount of ice that melts for 24 hours. The melting heat of ice at atmospheric pressure is 333.7 kJ/kg. The emissivity of the outer wall of the container is 0.75, and the convective thermoelectric transfer coefficient is 30 W/m2·K. The average temperature of the surrounding surface for radiation is 15℃. ***I would appreciate it if sir could write it in a way that I could read it well.**arrow_forwardAn ice chest whose outer dimensions are 30 cm*40 cm*40 cm is made of 3 cm thick Styrofoam (k = 0.033 W/m°C). Initially, the chest is filled with 30 kg of ice at 0 °C, and the inner surface temperature of the ice chest can be taken to be 0 °C at all times. The heat of fusion of water at 0 °C is 333.7 kJ/kg, and the surrounding ambient air is at 20 °C. Disregarding any heat transfer from the 40 cm*40 cm base of the ice chest, determine how long it will take for the ice in the chest to melt completely if the ice chest is subjected to (a) calm air and (b) winds at 30 km/h (assume the heat transfer coefficient on the front, back and top surfaces to be the same as that on the side surfaces). Use the thermophysical properties of air as follows: k = 25.5×10-3 W/mK, ν = 15×10-6 m2/s, α = 21.1×10-6 m2/s, and β = 3.43×10-3 K-1.arrow_forwardA pipe in a manufacturing plant is transporting superheated vapor at a mass flow rate of 0.3 kg/s. The pipe is 10 m long and has an inner diameter of 5 cm and a wall thickness of 6 mm. The pipe has a thermal conductivity of 17 W/m·K, and the inner pipe surface is at a uniform temperature of 120°C. The temperature drop between the inlet and exit of the pipe is 7°C, and the constant pressure specific heat of vapor is 2190 J/kg·°C. If the air temperature in the manufacturing plant is 25°C, determine the heat transfer coefficient as a result of convection between the outer pipe surface and the surrounding air.arrow_forward
- A cylindrical rod with a diameter of 20 mm and a length of 300 mm is heated to a temperature of 200°C. The rod is then placed in a tank of water maintained at a constant temperature of 25°C. The convection heat transfer coefficient for the water is 2000 W/m²K. Determine the time taken for the temperature of the rod to reach 50°C.arrow_forwardConsider hotdog being cooked in boiling water in a pan. Would the heat transfer be modeled as one-dimensional or two-dimensional? Would the heat transfer be steady or transient? Explain.arrow_forwardDetermine the heat transfer rate by convection from an electronic chip whosesurface temperature is 35° C and has an exposed surface area of 9 cm2 . Thetemperature of the surrounding air is 20° C. The heat transfer coefficient forthis situation is h = 40 W⁄m2 ⋅ K.arrow_forward
- Calculate the temperature in an unheated space (Tunc) adjacent to a conditioned room with three (3) common surface areas of 175-ft2, 190-ft2, and 210-ft² with an overall heat transfer coefficient of 0.21, 0.27, and 0.32 Btu/h-Ft2 °F, respectively. The surface areas of the unheated space exposed to the outdoors are 175-ft² and 210-ft² with corresponding overall heat transfer coefficients of 0.21 and 0.40 Btu/h- Ft².°F. The sixth (6th) surface is on the ground and can be neglected for this example as can be the effect of any outdoor air entering the space. Inside & outside design reference temperatures are 70°F & -10°F, respectively. Tunc = 37°F Tunc = 36°F Tunc = 30°F Tunc = 35°Farrow_forwardIn a manufacturing process a thin rectangular part that has a surface area of 30 cm × 30 cm and a mass of 3750 g and is initially at 498 K. The part is left to cool in ambient at room temperature (T¥=Tsurr=25 °C) with a convection heat transfer coefficient of 6.40 W/m2·K. The part can be assumed to have a specific heat of 2.770 kJ/kg·K. If the surface emissivity is 0.42 what is the initial rate of change in temperature as the part cools in ambient? What is the initial rate of heat loss by radiation and convection? (Evaluate each separately).arrow_forwardConsider a 15-cm * 20-cm printed circuit board (PCB) that has electronic components on one side. The board is placed in a room at 20°C. The heat loss from the back surface of the board is negligible. If the circuit board is dissipating 8 W of power in steady operation, determine the average temperature of the hot surface of the board, assuming the board is (a) vertical, (b) horizontal with hot surface facing up, and (c) horizontal with hot surface facing down. Take the emissivity of the surface of the board to be 0.8 and assume the surrounding surfaces to be at the same temperature as the air in the room. Evaluate air properties at a film temperature of 32.5°C and 1 atm pressure. Is this a good assumption?arrow_forward
- Principles of Heat Transfer (Activate Learning wi...Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9781305387102Author:Kreith, Frank; Manglik, Raj M.Publisher:Cengage Learning