Exercise Physiology: Theory and Application to Fitness and Performance
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780073523538
Author: Scott K Powers, Edward T Howley
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 3, Problem 13SA
Summary Introduction
To determine: The rate-limiting enzymes for the following
Introduction: Energy is necessary for all living organisms to carry out their life processes. Living cells obtain energy in different forms and they also have the mechanisms to convert the energy from one form to different forms. Energy is defined as the capability to do work. When work is done, energy is transferred from one form to another form or between systems.
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In aerobic respiration, how many ATP molecules areproduced from one molecule of glucose through glycolysis,the citric acid cycle, and the electron-transport chain?
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Chapter 3 Solutions
Exercise Physiology: Theory and Application to Fitness and Performance
Ch. 3 - Prob. 1OCh. 3 - Prob. 2OCh. 3 - Prob. 3OCh. 3 - Prob. 4OCh. 3 - Prob. 5OCh. 3 - Prob. 6OCh. 3 - Prob. 7OCh. 3 - Prob. 8OCh. 3 - Prob. 9OCh. 3 - Prob. 10O
Ch. 3 - Prob. 1SACh. 3 - Prob. 2SACh. 3 - Prob. 3SACh. 3 - Prob. 4SACh. 3 - Prob. 5SACh. 3 - Prob. 6SACh. 3 - Prob. 7SACh. 3 - Prob. 8SACh. 3 - Briefly discuss the function of glycolysis in...Ch. 3 - Discuss the operation of the Krebs cycle and the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 11SACh. 3 - Prob. 12SACh. 3 - Prob. 13SACh. 3 - Briefly discuss the interaction of anaerobic...Ch. 3 - Prob. 15SACh. 3 - Prob. 16SACh. 3 - Prob. 17SA
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- What is the total output of ATP, aerobically, in prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?arrow_forwardFor Krebs Cycle(Citric Acid Cycle) what are steps of cellular respiration for both aerobic (oxygen present) and anaerobic (without oxygen) respiration. what are the Inputs and Outputs: Clearly indicate the key substrates, intermediates, and products at each stage. Location: Show where this stage of cellular respiration occurs within the cell (e.g., cytoplasm, mitochondria). Energy Production: Highlight the ATP and NADH production at this stage. Oxygen: Show where oxygen is used in the process (e.g., ETC) and where carbon dioxide is produced. Electron Carriers: Indicate the role of electron carriers such as NAD+ and FAD in transferring eleDiagrams: Use diagrams or icons to represent the structures and molecules involved, such as the mitochondria, glucose, ATP, and oxygen. Key Information like important facts or formulas relevant to cellular respiration, like the chemical equations for each stage.arrow_forwardDCCD (diocyclohexylcarbodiimide) inhibits oxidative phosphorylation when the substrate is mitochondrial NADH. DCCD is a drug that binds to ATP synthase and blocks proton transport through the ion channel. a) Explain what the consequences of DCCD on cellular energy production are. b) Suggest at least one other cellular effect of DCCD and explain this effect.arrow_forward
- Consider the steps of the krebs cycle and electron carrier chain and answer: a) How many ATPs are produced from 10 Pyruvato molecules? b) How many ATPs are produced from 12 Acetyl CoA molecules?arrow_forwardWhat steps in glycolysis generate substrate-level phosphorylation, and how many ATP molecules are generated in this way in this pathway? How does the generation of ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation differ from ATP generation by oxidative phosphorylation?arrow_forwardHow many ATP (net) are made in the glycolysis part of cellular respiration? How many ATP are made in the Kreb's/Citric Acid cycle part of cellular respiration? How many ATP are made in the electron transport part of cellular respiration? In which phase of cellular respiration is carbon dioxide made? In which phase of cellular respiration is water made? In which phase of cellular respiration is oxygen a substrate? In which phase of cellular respiration is glucose a substrate? On average, how many ATP can be made from each NADH during the electron transport process? On average, how many ATP can be made from each FADH₂ during the electron transport process?arrow_forward
- What is the direct mechanism of ATP synthesis during the electron transport phase of cellular respiration? (what is the potential energy source that drives ATP production?) b) Why is oxygen needed for this phase? c) What is the role of ATP synthasearrow_forwardDiscuss the composition of the transition state for the formation of ATP by ATP Synthase. a) Where is the active site for this enzyme located? b) How are the amino acid side chains from the α and β subunits of ATP Synthase involved? c) Discuss the importance of Mg+2 in the mechanism of this enzyme.arrow_forwardUnder standard conditions, is the oxidation of ubiquinol (Coenzyme Q) by O2 sufficiently exergonic to drive the synthesis of ATP? If yes, how many ATP can be synthesized assuming 100% efficiency?arrow_forward
- For the theoretical maximum yield of ATP per glucose molecule oxidized by aerobic respiration, we will assume that for each pair of electrons transferred to the electron transport chain by NADH, 3 ATP will be generated; for each electron pair transferred by FADH2, 2 ATP will be generated. If NADH is produced in the cytoplasm, it will only generate 2 ATP but NADH produced in the mitochondria will release 3 ATP. How many molecules of ATP are produced when 10 molecules of NADH formed during the Krebs cycle enter the electron transport chain?arrow_forwardFor the theoretical maximum yield of ATP per glucose molecule oxidized by aerobic respiration, we will assume that for each pair of electrons transferred to the electron transport chain by NADH, 3 ATP will be generated; for each electron pair transferred by FADH2, 2 ATP will be generated. If NADH is produced in the cytoplasm, it will only generate 2 ATP but NADH produced in the mitochondria will release 3 ATP. How many molecules of ATP are produced when 10 molecules of FADH2 enter the electron transport chain?arrow_forwardFor the theoretical maximum yield of ATP per glucose molecule oxidized by aerobic respiration, we will assume that for each pair of electrons transferred to the electron transport chain by NADH, 3 ATP will be generated; for each electron pair transferred by FADH2, 2 ATP will be generated. If NADH is produced in the cytoplasm, it will only generate 2 ATP but NADH produced in the mitochondria will release 3 ATP. How many molecules of ATP may be produced when 8 molecules of NADH from glycolysis enter the electron transport chain? *arrow_forward
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Anaerobic Respiration; Author: Bozeman Science;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cDC29iBxb3w;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY