Exercise Physiology: Theory and Application to Fitness and Performance
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780073523538
Author: Scott K Powers, Edward T Howley
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 3, Problem 10SA
Discuss the operation of the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain in the aerobic production of ATP. What is the function of NAD+ and FAD in these pathways?
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Briefly explain the mechanism by which ATP synthase produces ATP.List three locations in which ATP synthases are found.
A new ATP-producing protein is discovered that couples ATP production to the oxidation of NADPH by oxidative phosphorylation. Assume that the value of ΔGo for ATP synthesis is 30 kJ•mol−1. If this protein only produces 1 molecule of ATP per reaction that consumes one NADPH:
a. How much free energy is wasted, under standard conditions?b. How many more ATP molecules could be created by a perfectly efficient electron transport chain from one NADPH?
DCCD (diocyclohexylcarbodiimide) inhibits oxidative phosphorylation when the substrate is mitochondrial NADH. DCCD is a drug that binds to ATP synthase and blocks proton transport through the ion channel.
a) Explain what the consequences of DCCD on cellular energy production are.
b) Suggest at least one other cellular effect of DCCD and explain this effect.
Chapter 3 Solutions
Exercise Physiology: Theory and Application to Fitness and Performance
Ch. 3 - Prob. 1OCh. 3 - Prob. 2OCh. 3 - Prob. 3OCh. 3 - Prob. 4OCh. 3 - Prob. 5OCh. 3 - Prob. 6OCh. 3 - Prob. 7OCh. 3 - Prob. 8OCh. 3 - Prob. 9OCh. 3 - Prob. 10O
Ch. 3 - Prob. 1SACh. 3 - Prob. 2SACh. 3 - Prob. 3SACh. 3 - Prob. 4SACh. 3 - Prob. 5SACh. 3 - Prob. 6SACh. 3 - Prob. 7SACh. 3 - Prob. 8SACh. 3 - Briefly discuss the function of glycolysis in...Ch. 3 - Discuss the operation of the Krebs cycle and the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 11SACh. 3 - Prob. 12SACh. 3 - Prob. 13SACh. 3 - Briefly discuss the interaction of anaerobic...Ch. 3 - Prob. 15SACh. 3 - Prob. 16SACh. 3 - Prob. 17SA
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- How many ATP are produced via the Kreb's cycle (total, directly, & indirectly)?arrow_forwardFor the theoretical maximum yield of ATP per glucose molecule oxidized by aerobic respiration, we will assume that for each pair of electrons transferred to the electron transport chain by NADH, 3 ATP will be generated; for each electron pair transferred by FADH2, 2 ATP will be generated. If NADH is produced in the cytoplasm, it will only generate 2 ATP but NADH produced in the mitochondria will release 3 ATP. In a complete breakdown of a molecule of glucose, how many molecules of NADH had been produced?arrow_forwardFor the theoretical maximum yield of ATP per glucose molecule oxidized by aerobic respiration, we will assume that for each pair of electrons transferred to the electron transport chain by NADH, 3 ATP will be generated; for each electron pair transferred by FADH2, 2 ATP will be generated. If NADH is produced in the cytoplasm, it will only generate 2 ATP but NADH produced in the mitochondria will release 3 ATP. How many molecules of ATP are produced when 10 molecules of NADH formed during the Krebs cycle enter the electron transport chain?arrow_forward
- For the theoretical maximum yield of ATP per glucose molecule oxidized by aerobic respiration, we will assume that for each pair of electrons transferred to the electron transport chain by NADH, 3 ATP will be generated; for each electron pair transferred by FADH2, 2 ATP will be generated. If NADH is produced in the cytoplasm, it will only generate 2 ATP but NADH produced in the mitochondria will release 3 ATP. How many molecules of ATP are produced when 10 molecules of FADH2 enter the electron transport chain?arrow_forwardFor the theoretical maximum yield of ATP per glucose molecule oxidized by aerobic respiration, we will assume that for each pair of electrons transferred to the electron transport chain by NADH, 3 ATP will be generated; for each electron pair transferred by FADH2, 2 ATP will be generated. If NADH is produced in the cytoplasm, it will only generate 2 ATP but NADH produced in the mitochondria will release 3 ATP. How many molecules of ATP may be produced when 8 molecules of NADH from glycolysis enter the electron transport chain? *arrow_forwardMuch of our understanding of ATP synthase is derived from research on aerobic bacteria. What makes these organisms useful for this research? Where do the reactions of glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron-transport chain occur in these organisms?arrow_forward
- Describe redox reactions involved in the three steps of aerobic cellular respiration under the following topics: 1. Description of the two coenzymes NAD and FAD and link them to each enzyme in glycolysis; pyruvate oxidation and citric acid cycle using the backpack analogy that I described in class. (20%) 2. Describe energy harvesting of the electrons and hydrogens carried by the coenzymes in the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis using the battery analogy I described in class. (20%) 3. Describe the steps of DNA replication in bacteria as shown in our slides emphasizing the need for the Okazaki fragments (20%) 4. Describe RNA transcription emphasizing the two strands of DNA and the orientation of mRNA (20%) 5. Describe mRNA translation emphasizing the role of ribosomes and tRNA for two amino acids (20%)arrow_forwardUnder standard conditions, is the oxidation of ubiquinol (Coenzyme Q) by O2 sufficiently exergonic to drive the synthesis of ATP? If yes, how many ATP can be synthesized assuming 100% efficiency?arrow_forwardFor the theoretical maximum yield of ATP per glucose molecule oxidized by aerobic respiration, we will assume that for each pair of electrons transferred to the electron transport chain by NADH, 3 ATP will be generated; for each electron pair transferred by FADH2, 2 ATP will be generated. If NADH is produced in the cytoplasm, it will only generate 2 ATP but NADH produced in the mitochondria will release 3 ATP. In a molecule of glucose, how many molecules of FADH2 will be produced? *arrow_forward
- Consider the steps of the krebs cycle and electron carrier chain and answer: a) How many ATPs are produced from 10 Pyruvato molecules? b) How many ATPs are produced from 12 Acetyl CoA molecules?arrow_forwardAssuming all the NADH+H+ and FADH2 are used for oxidative phosphorylation, how many net ATP are made from 1 molecule of glucose? (hint: don’t forget to also include substrate level phosphorylation)arrow_forwardThe electron-transport chain consists of a number of multi protein complexes, which work in conjunction to pass electrons from an electron carrier, such as NADH, to O2. What is the role of these complexes in ATP synthesis? It has been demonstrated that respiration supercomplexes contain all the protein components necessary for respiration. Why is this beneficial for ATP synthesis, and what is one way that the existence of super complexes has been demonstrated experimentally? Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is not a protein, but a small, hydrophobic molecule. Why is it important for the functioning of the electron transport chain that CoQ is a hydrophobic molecule?arrow_forward
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