Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The geometry of each central atom in the given structure needs to be determined.
Concept Introduction: Hybridization is defined as mixing of orbital. The geometry of a central atom depends on its hybridization. The shape will be different from geometry if there are lone pair of electrons present on the central atom.
(b)
Interpretation:The bond angles associated with each central atom needs to be determined.
Concept Introduction: The bond angles of central atom can be determined from its hybridization and geometry.
(c)
Interpretation:The most polar bond in given structure needs to be determined.
Concept Introduction: A bond is said to be polar if there is electronegativity difference between the atoms.
(d)
Interpretation:The given moleculeneeds to be classified as a polar or non-polar molecule.
Concept Introduction: If there are polar bonds present in a molecule then it is considered as a polar molecule.
(e)
Interpretation:Whether given molecule possess resonance or not needs to be explained.
Concept Introduction: Resonance is possessed by a molecule if there is possibility of delocalization of electrons. This can be positive if there is intercation between alternate lone pairs and pi bonds present in a molecule.
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Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry
- 3-58 In Section 2-3B, we saw that there are seven diatomic elements. (a) Draw Lewis structures for each of these diatomic elements. (b) Which diatomic elements are gases at room temperature? Which are liquids? Which are solids?arrow_forwardConsider the theoretical molecule KrCl3‾. (a) Draw a valid Lewis structure for KrCl3‾. Show all lone pairs and use lines for bonds. Label all non-zeroformal charges on individual atoms and show the overall charge, if it exists, using square brackets.(b) What would you expect to be the molecular geometry for this ion? Fully explain your thought process,including all details about how successive lone pairs should be positioned within this electron geometry.(c) Draw this ion in 3-D, using hashed and wedged bonds as appropriate. Do not worry about labeling the overall or formal charge.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are true regarding a covalent bond between nitrogen and oxygen atoms in a nitric oxide, NO, molecule? (a) Valence electrons are shared between nitrogen and oxygen atoms. (b) Bonding electrons are found only between the bonded atoms. (c) The bond length is greater than the sum of the two atomic radii. (d) Energy is required to break a covalent bond.arrow_forward
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- In constructing your models, use the following guidelines: (a) Each ball represents an atom, while each stick or spring represents a bond. Use a stick for a single bond, and springs for double and triple bonds. Use TWO springs to construct a double bond and THREE springs to construct a triple bond. (b) Use the black balls for carbon atoms, making sure all 4 holes get filled with a stick or spring. (c) Use the red balls for oxygen atoms, making sure both holes get filled with a stick or spring. Use the yellow balls for hydrogen atoms, making sure the lone hole gets filled with a stick or spring. Use the green balls for chlorine atoms, making sure the lone hole gets filled with a stick or spring. (f) Use the orange balls for fluorine atoms, making sure the lone hole gets filled with a stick or spring. (g) Use the purple balls for bromine atoms, making sure the lone hole gets filled with a stick or spring. (h) Hydrogen and halogen atoms should be positioned towards the exterior of the…arrow_forwardAnswer true or false. (a) The octet rule refers to the chemical bonding patterns of the first eight elements of the Periodic Table. (b) The octet rule refers to the tendency of certain elements to react in such a way that they achieve an outer shell of eight valence electrons. (c) In gaining electrons, an atom becomes a positively charged ion called a cation. (d) When an atom forms an ion, only the number of valence electrons changes; the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus does not change. (e) In forming ions, Group 2A elements typically lose two electrons to become cations with a charge of 12. (f) In forming an ion, a sodium atom (1s22s22p63s1) completes its valence shell by adding one electron to fill its 3s shell (1s22s22p63s2). (g) The elements of Group 6A typically react by ac- cepting two electrons to become anions with a charge of 22. (h) With the exception of hydrogen, the octet rule applies to all elements in periods 1, 2, and 3. (i) Atoms and the ions derived from…arrow_forward3. How many valence electrons are in a C atom? an Cl atom? (a) Write the full Lewis structure for the CH2C2 molecule. Show all lone pairs. Pert (b) Write the geometric structure for the CH2CI2 molecule and name the geometry. (c) Determine if the CH2CI2 molecule has polar or nonpolar bonds using the following electronegativity: C = 2.5, H = 2.1, CI = 3.0. Re-draw the geometric structure below, but this time include partial charges and dipole arrows for any polar bonds present. Justify your assignments for polar or nonpolar bonds.arrow_forward
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- Introduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage LearningLiving By Chemistry: First Edition TextbookChemistryISBN:9781559539418Author:Angelica StacyPublisher:MAC HIGHER