Loose Leaf For Explorations: Introduction To Astronomy
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781260432145
Author: Thomas T Arny, Stephen E Schneider Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 3, Problem 10P
To determine
The escape velocity from the Sun.
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An object of mass m is launched from a planet of mass M and radius R.
a)Derive and enter an expression for the minimum launch speed needed for the object to escape gravity, i.e. to be able to just reach r = ∞.
b)Calculate this minimum launch speed (called the escape speed), in meters per second, for a planet of mass M = 6 × 1023 kg and R = 76 × 104 km.
An asteroid closely passes the Earth at a range of 17200 mi and relative speed of 7.8 km/s. The diameter is estimated at 30 m with a specific gravity of 3. If this asteroid had impacted Earth, how much energy would have been released? Express this quantity in units of mega- tons (Mton) where a megaton is the energy released by one million metric tons of TNT explosive. A metric ton is 1000 kg and the explosive energy density of TNT is 4184 J/g. Hint: If the asteroid hits the Earth, its relative velocity becomes zero. Ignore any change in asteroid velocity due to gravitational acceleration or air resistance.
Calculate the escape velocity from the surface of a world with mass 7.40 x 10^24kg and radius 7.00 x 10^3
Chapter 3 Solutions
Loose Leaf For Explorations: Introduction To Astronomy
Ch. 3 - What is meant by inertia?Ch. 3 - (3.1) What does Newtons first law of motion tell...Ch. 3 - Explain how inertia and gravity are both involved...Ch. 3 - How does mass differ from weight?Ch. 3 - If your mass is 70 kg on Earth, what is it on the...Ch. 3 - What is Newtons law of gravity?Ch. 3 - Prob. 7QFRCh. 3 - (3.7) If you weigh 110 pounds on Earth, do you...Ch. 3 - Prob. 9QFRCh. 3 - Prob. 10QFR
Ch. 3 - Prob. 1TQCh. 3 - Prob. 2TQCh. 3 - (3.2) Is there a force of gravity between the...Ch. 3 - (3.3) Use Newtons second law of motion to explain...Ch. 3 - (3.4) How many times greater is Earths...Ch. 3 - Prob. 6TQCh. 3 - Prob. 7TQCh. 3 - Prob. 8TQCh. 3 - Prob. 9TQCh. 3 - Prob. 10TQCh. 3 - Prob. 11TQCh. 3 - (3.3) If you apply a force F to a mass m, it...Ch. 3 - Prob. 2PCh. 3 - Prob. 3PCh. 3 - Prob. 4PCh. 3 - Prob. 5PCh. 3 - (3.6) Gliese 581e is an exoplanet with a mass of...Ch. 3 - (3.7) Using the method of section 3.7, compare the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 8PCh. 3 - Prob. 9PCh. 3 - Prob. 10PCh. 3 - Prob. 11PCh. 3 - Prob. 12PCh. 3 - Prob. 13PCh. 3 - Prob. 1TYCh. 3 - Prob. 2TYCh. 3 - Prob. 3TYCh. 3 - Prob. 4TYCh. 3 - Prob. 5TYCh. 3 - Prob. 6TYCh. 3 - Prob. 7TYCh. 3 - Prob. 8TYCh. 3 - Prob. 9TY
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- Find the escape speed of a projectile from the surface of Jupiter.arrow_forwardIt was stated that a satellite with negative total energy is in a bound orbit, whereas one with zero or positive total energy is in an unbounded orbit. Why zero or positive total energy is in an unbounded orbit. Why is this true? What choice for gravitational potential energy was made such that this is true?arrow_forwardVoyager 1 and Voyager 2 surveyed the surface of Jupiter’s moon Io and photographed active volcanoes spewing liquid sulfur to heights of 70 km above the surface of this moon. Find the speed with which the liquid sulfur left the volcano. Io’s mass is 8.9 × 1022 kg, and its radius is 1 820 km.arrow_forward
- Calculate the escape velocity from the surface of a world with mass 2.70 ✕ 1024 kg and radius 7.50 ✕ 103 km.arrow_forwardAn object of mass mm is launched from a planet of mass MM and radius RR. a) Derive and enter an expression for the minimum launch speed needed for the object to escape gravity, i.e. to be able to just reach r=∞. b) Calculate this minimum launch speed (called the escape speed), in meters per second, for a planet of mass M=2.73×1023kg and R=86.2×103km.arrow_forwardIf you took the Earth and reduced its radius to one fourth its current size, what would the escape velocity from the Earth be?arrow_forward
- Calculate the escape velocity to an orbit of 243 km height from a planet with the radius of 2000 km and the density of 3400 kg⋅m-³. Give your answer in Sl units. Answer: m/s ◆arrow_forwardVoyager 1 and Voyager 2 surveyed the surface of Jupiter’s moon Io and photographed active volcanoes spewing liquid sulfur to heights of 70 km above the surface of this moon. Find the speed which the liquid sulfur left the volcano. Io’s mass is 8.9 x 10^(22 )kg, and its radius is 1820 km.arrow_forwardFor the escape velocity relationship, Vesc = (2.82 × 107)r-\/2 m/s, calculate the rate of change of the escape velocity with respect to distance r from the center of the earth.arrow_forward
- If the escape velocity from the surface of earth is 11.3km/s, find escape velocity from the surface of another heavenly body whose mass and diameter are twice of the eartharrow_forwardA star is observed to undergo circular orbit around the black hole located at the centre of the Milky Way galaxy. The orbital period is measured to be 16 years and the distance between the star and the black hole is determined to be 1000 Astronomical Units. Estimate the mass of the black hole in units of the Solar mass, and explain any approximations you make in your calculation.arrow_forwardAn asteroid closely passes the Earth at a range of 17200mi and a relative speed of 7.8km/s.The diameter is estimated at 30mwith a specific gravity of 3. If this asteroid had impacted Earth, how much energy would have been released? Express this quantity in units of mega-tons (M ton) where a megaton is the energy released by one million metric tons of TNT explosive. A metric ton is 1000kgand the explosive energy density of TNT is 4184J/g.Hint: If the asteroid hits the Earth, its relative velocity becomes zero. Ignore any change in asteroid velocity due to gravitational acceleration or air resistance.arrow_forward
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