Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133923001
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 29.2, Problem 1CSC
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The process of nutrients recycling to future generations of living things.
Introduction:
Energy and nutrients are the two essential components of the ecosystem that are required by all living organisms. Energy and nutrients enter the ecosystem through photosynthesis and pass through various trophic levels including the complex food web and the nonliving factors of the environment. Nutrients are required by all life forms for growth, reproduction, and maintaining and repairing tissues. Nutrients flow through the ecosystem with the help of biogeochemical cycle.
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The following is NOT true about trophic levels
Animals capable of feeding at many trophic levels will be able to survive if portions of their food supply are
decreased or eliminated
Secondary consumers belong to the third trophic level
Primary consumers belong to the first trophic level
Each stage through which energy travels is called a trophic level
An estimated 1000 kg of plant plankton are needed to produce 100 kg of animal plankton. The animal plankton is in turned consumed by 10 kg of fish, the amount needed by a person to gain 1 kg of body mass.
i) explain why the amount of biomass declines at each successive trophic level.
The average efficiency of energy transfer between trophic levels is 10%. Use this efficiency to determine how much phytoplankton mass is required to add just 1 gram (0.04 ounce) of new mass to a killer whale, which is a third-level or top carnivore. Create a diagram that summarizes the different trophic levels and the relative size and abundance of organisms at each level. How would your answer change if the efficiency were half the average rate? Twice the average rate?
Chapter 29 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 29.1 - explain why nutrients cycle within and between...Ch. 29.2 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 29.2 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 29.2 - Prob. 1TCCh. 29.2 - describe how energy flows through an ecosystem?Ch. 29.2 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 29.2 - explain how the inefficiency of energy transfer...Ch. 29.3 - explain why nutrients cycle within and among...Ch. 29.3 - Prob. 1ETCh. 29.3 - Prob. 1TC
Ch. 29.3 - describe the hydrologic, nitrogen, carbon, and...Ch. 29.4 - Prob. 1CSRCh. 29.4 - Prob. 1CTCh. 29.4 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 29.4 - Prob. 1HYEWCh. 29.4 - Prob. 1TCCh. 29.4 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 29.4 - People tend to be much more attuned to whats...Ch. 29.4 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 29 - Prob. 1ACCh. 29 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 29 - Prob. 1MCCh. 29 - Prob. 1RQCh. 29 - Discuss the contribution of human population...Ch. 29 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 29 - Which of the following is not a major reservoir in...Ch. 29 - Prob. 2RQCh. 29 - Feeding levels within ecosystems are also called...Ch. 29 - Prob. 3MCCh. 29 - Define net primary production. Would you predict...Ch. 29 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 29 - Net primary production per unit area is likely to...Ch. 29 - Prob. 4RQCh. 29 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 29 - Prob. 5MCCh. 29 - How do food chains and food webs differ? Which is...Ch. 29 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 29 - Prob. 6RQCh. 29 - Prob. 7FIBCh. 29 - Trace the movement of carbon from one of its...Ch. 29 - Prob. 8RQCh. 29 - Prob. 9RQ
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- Which trophic level in an aquatic ecosystem would contain the greatest amount of usable energy? Primary consumers located 150 meters below sea level. Primary producers located 80 meters below sea level. Primary producers located 45 meters below sea level. Primary consumers located 40 meters below sea level.arrow_forwardA Food Web om Eage Pythan Wolf Rat Dragonfly Thrush Frog Butterfly Fruit Fly Grasshopper Mangoes Corn A Flowering Plant Lavenders Look at the food web above to answer the following questions. 1. Which organisms are the producers in this food web? 2. Which organism is an example of a primary consumer? 3. Which organism is an example of a tertiary consumer?arrow_forwardThe energy flow in the ecosystem is important to maintain an ecological balance. In this context, answer the following: (i) Explain why the flow of energy at different levels in an ecosystem is unidirectional and non-cyclic? (ii) Why is the number of trophic levels in an ecosystem limited?arrow_forward
- When hunting disrupts the balance in the food chain by removing all owls, there will be no predators on snakes, leading to their increase in numbers. Considering the scenario where the number of lost owls (4) is replaced by snakes, compute for energy units following in completing the table below. Trophic Levels No. Individuals in Each Trophic Level No. of Units Received from Trophic Level Above No. Units Used / Individual (Resp) No. Units Used in Trophic Level No. Units Remaining & Passed on to Next Trophic Level Mean No. Units Available per Individual in Trophic Level SUN +E = 6 1) Plants 30 2 2) Grasshopper 19 2 3) Frog 12 2 4) Snake 8 + 4 = 12 2 5) Owl 0 2arrow_forwardIn the trophic structure, autotrophs are living organisms that: Are at the top of the chain, referred to as tertiary producers. Photosynthetic organisms that produce their own energy Organisms that receive their energy by consuming producers such as plants Help to decompose the remains of dead organismsarrow_forwardAvailability of energy is less for entities at higher trophic levels.Why?arrow_forward
- Availability of energy is less for entities at higher trophic levels. Why?arrow_forwardAssume the following strict trophic chain: mountain lions eat deer; deer eat black oak seedlings; lizards eat bugs, spiders eat bugs; bugs eat black oak seedlings. Which of the following statements is true? (choose one) A. The mountain lion is a tertiary consumer B. The deer is a secondary consumer C. The spiders are secondary consumers D. The lizards are primary consumersarrow_forwardWhich of the following organisms is incorrectlypaired with its trophic level?(A) cyanobacterium—primary producer(B) grasshopper—primary consumer(C) zooplankton—primary producer(D) fungus—detritivorearrow_forward
- The position of an organism within a food web is described by its trophic level. When modeling energy dynamics of a food web, losses of energy at these different levels produces a pyramid-shaped distribution of available energy. True or False?arrow_forwardEnergy transferred from one trophic level to the next in an ecosystem is measured in calories, numbers, and in biomass. If a rangeland has a biomass of 100, 000g/m2 from the grass, how much biomass will be available in human beings who eat the cow that eat that grass?arrow_forwardStudents from Westbury High School participated in a study of the Willow Waterhole Pond. After safely taking samples of some small fish, a fish-eating hawk, some pond water, some zooplankton, and a fish that preys on the small fish, they determined the average concentration of compound "Z" in each sample. The table below summarizes their data. Build a food chain that illustrates the correct trophic order in the pond. Include the concentrations of compound "Z" for each part of the chain. Describe one natural process that would cause compound "Z" to contaminate the pond's water. (Please write in complete sentences.)arrow_forward
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