SEELEY'S ANATOMY+PHYSIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260172195
Author: VanPutte
Publisher: RENT MCG
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Question
Chapter 28, Problem 6CT
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The conclusion made on the basis of the given data and the mechanism involved.
Introduction:
Placebo refers to an inert substance that does not have active drug ingredients. Placebos are mainly used in research studies. The combinations of estrogen and progesterone can prevent ovulation and also prevent pregnancy.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
A study divides healthy females into two groups (A and B). Both groupsare composed of those who have been sexually active for at least 2 yearsand are not pregnant at the beginning of the experiment. The subjectsweigh about the same amount, and none smoke cigarettes, althoughsome drink alcohol occasionally. Group A individuals receive a placeboin the form of a sugar pill each morning of their menstrual cycles. GroupB individuals receive a pill containing estrogen and progesterone eachmorning of their menstrual cycles. Then plasma LH levels are measuredbefore, during, and after ovulation. The results are as follows:Group 4 Days BeforeOvulationDay ofOvulation4 Days AfterOvulationA 18 mg/100 mL 300 mg/100 mL 17 mg/100 mLB 21 mg/100 mL 157 mg/100 mL 15 mg/100 mLThe number of pregnancies in group A is 37/100 females/year. Thenumber of pregnancies in group B is 1.5/100 females/year. Whatconclusion can you reach on the basis of these data? Explain themechanism involved.
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
1. None of the choices are true
2. During the menstrual cycle, typically two eggs are released during ovulation
3. Fertilization typically occurs in the uterus
4. The name of the gene responsible for triggering male characteristics is known as Testosterogene
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder. PCOS may result in irregular periods, elevated levels of male hormones, and enlarged ovaries with fluid filled sacs called cysts.Doctors may prescribe birth control pills containing only progesterone to help regulate periods and reduce symptoms.Progesterone plays an important role in the ovarian and uterine cycles.
Describe the levels of progesterone during an average 28-day cycle and explain why these levels occur.
Chapter 28 Solutions
SEELEY'S ANATOMY+PHYSIOLOGY
Ch. 28.1 - What are the functions of the reproductive system?Ch. 28.1 - What functions occur in both moles and females,...Ch. 28.2 - Describe the events of meiosis / and meiosis II....Ch. 28.2 - Prob. 4AYPCh. 28.2 - Prob. 5AYPCh. 28.3 - Prob. 6AYPCh. 28.3 - Describe the structure of the scrotum.Ch. 28.3 - Prob. 8AYPCh. 28.3 - Locate the boundaries of the perineum and the two...Ch. 28.3 - Prob. 10AYP
Ch. 28.3 - Whereare the seminiferous tubules and interstitial...Ch. 28.3 - Prob. 12AYPCh. 28.3 - Prob. 13AYPCh. 28.3 - Prob. 14AYPCh. 28.3 - Prob. 15AYPCh. 28.3 - Prob. 16AYPCh. 28.3 - Where, specifically, are sperm cells produced in...Ch. 28.3 - Prob. 18AYPCh. 28.3 - Prob. 19AYPCh. 28.3 - Prob. 20AYPCh. 28.3 - Prob. 21AYPCh. 28.3 - Prob. 22AYPCh. 28.3 - Prob. 23AYPCh. 28.3 - Prob. 24AYPCh. 28.3 - Prob. 25AYPCh. 28.3 - Prob. 26AYPCh. 28.3 - Prob. 27AYPCh. 28.3 - Describe the structures and locations of the glans...Ch. 28.3 - Prob. 29AYPCh. 28.3 - Prob. 30AYPCh. 28.3 - Prob. 31AYPCh. 28.3 - Prob. 32AYPCh. 28.4 - Where are GnRH, LH, FSH, and inhibin produced?...Ch. 28.4 - Prob. 34AYPCh. 28.4 - Explain the regulation of testosterone secretion.Ch. 28.4 - Prob. 36AYPCh. 28.4 - Prob. 37AYPCh. 28.4 - Prob. 38AYPCh. 28.4 - Describe the processes of erection, emission,...Ch. 28.5 - Prob. 40AYPCh. 28.5 - Prob. 41AYPCh. 28.5 - Prob. 42AYPCh. 28.5 - Prob. 43AYPCh. 28.5 - Prob. 44AYPCh. 28.5 - Prob. 45AYPCh. 28.5 - Describe the process of ovulation.Ch. 28.5 - What is the corpus luteum? What happens to it if...Ch. 28.5 - Prob. 48AYPCh. 28.5 - How are the uterine tubes involved in moving the...Ch. 28.5 - Prob. 50AYPCh. 28.5 - Describe the major ligaments holding the uterus in...Ch. 28.5 - Prob. 52AYPCh. 28.5 - Prob. 53AYPCh. 28.5 - Describe the layers of the vaginal wall. What are...Ch. 28.5 - Prob. 55AYPCh. 28.5 - Prob. 56AYPCh. 28.5 - Prob. 57AYPCh. 28.5 - What is the function of the clitoris and bulb of...Ch. 28.5 - Prob. 59AYPCh. 28.5 - Where are the greater and lesser vestibular glands...Ch. 28.5 - Prob. 61AYPCh. 28.5 - Prob. 62AYPCh. 28.5 - Prob. 63AYPCh. 28.5 - Prob. 64AYPCh. 28.6 - Prob. 65AYPCh. 28.6 - Prob. 66AYPCh. 28.6 - What are the major phases of the ovarian cycle?...Ch. 28.6 - Prob. 68AYPCh. 28.6 - Prob. 69AYPCh. 28.6 - Prob. 70AYPCh. 28.6 - Prob. 71AYPCh. 28.6 - Where is hCG produced, and what effect does it...Ch. 28.6 - Whatare the phases of the uterine cycle?Ch. 28.6 - Prob. 74AYPCh. 28.6 - Prob. 75AYPCh. 28.6 - Prob. 76AYPCh. 28.6 - Prob. 77AYPCh. 28.6 - Prob. 78AYPCh. 28.6 - Prob. 79AYPCh. 28.6 - Prob. 80AYPCh. 28.6 - Prob. 81AYPCh. 28.6 - Prob. 82AYPCh. 28.6 - What causes the changes that lead to menopause?Ch. 28.7 - Prob. 84AYPCh. 28.7 - Prob. 85AYPCh. 28.7 - Prob. 86AYPCh. 28.7 - Prob. 87AYPCh. 28 - During meiosis I Homologous chromosomes synapse....Ch. 28 - Prob. 2RACCh. 28 - Prob. 3RACCh. 28 - The site of spermatogenesis in the male is the a....Ch. 28 - Prob. 5RACCh. 28 - Prob. 6RACCh. 28 - Concerning the penis. the membranous urethra...Ch. 28 - Prob. 8RACCh. 28 - Prob. 9RACCh. 28 - Prob. 10RACCh. 28 - In the male, before puberty a. FSH levels are...Ch. 28 - Prob. 12RACCh. 28 - Prob. 13RACCh. 28 - Prob. 14RACCh. 28 - Prob. 15RACCh. 28 - Prob. 16RACCh. 28 - Prob. 17RACCh. 28 - During sexual excitement, which of these...Ch. 28 - Prob. 19RACCh. 28 - Prob. 20RACCh. 28 - Prob. 21RACCh. 28 - Which of these processes or phases in the monthly...Ch. 28 - Prob. 23RACCh. 28 - Prob. 24RACCh. 28 - Prob. 25RACCh. 28 - Prob. 26RACCh. 28 - Prob. 27RACCh. 28 - If an adult male were castrated (testes were...Ch. 28 - Prob. 2CTCh. 28 - Prob. 3CTCh. 28 - Prob. 4CTCh. 28 - If the ovaries are removed from a 20-year-old...Ch. 28 - Prob. 6CTCh. 28 - Prob. 7CTCh. 28 - GnRH can be used to treat some females who want to...Ch. 28 - Prob. 9CTCh. 28 - Prob. 10CTCh. 28 - Prob. 11CT
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Figure 43.15 Which of the following statements about hormone regulation of the female reproductive cycle is false? LH and FSH are produced in the pituitary, and estradiol and progesterone are produced in the ovaries. Estradiol and progesterone secreted from the corpus luteum cause the endometrium to thicken. Both progesterone and estradiol are produced by the follicles. Secretion of GnRH by the hypothalamus is inhibited by low levels of estradiol but stimulated by high levels of estradiol.arrow_forwardFigure 18.17 Which of the following statements about hormone regulation of the female reproductive cycle is false? a. LH and FSH are produced in the pituitary, and estrogen and progesterone are produced in the ovaries. b. Estradiol and progesterone secreted from the corpus luteum cause the endometrium to thicken. c. Both progesterone and estrogen are produced by the follicles. d. Secretion of GnRH by the hypothalamus is inhibited by low levels of estrogen but stimulated by high levels of estrogen.arrow_forwardAs outlined in this chapter, sex can be defined at several levels: chromosomal, gonadal, and phenotypic. To this we can add psychological sex, the sex one believes themselves to be. Determining someones sex is a complex issue that is often difficult to resolve, as the case of Bruce Reimer (see Section 7.1) illustrates. In spite of the complexity surrounding this issue, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAFF) still use sex testing on female athletes to determine whether they can compete in athletic events as females. This has led to serious personal, social, and legal issues, and the practice has been widely condemned and widely defended. Lets examine two such cases here. An Indian athlete, Santhi Soundarajan, finished second in the 800-meter run at the Asian Games in Doha, Qatar, in 2006. After the race, she was asked to take a sex test. According to press reports, the tests showed that she appeared to have abnormal chromosomes. An official stated that she had more Y chromosomes than allowed. As a result, she was stripped of her medal, banned from further competition by the Indian Olympic Association, and shunned by her local community. Before the race in Doha, Santhi had competed in 8 international competitions and won 12 medals. Sometime after this incident, she attempted suicide. She now runs a training school for athletes in Tamil Nadu, India. Although the number and types of tests done on Santhi have not been revealed, such tests usually involve examination of the external genitals, a chromosome analysis, and measurement of hormone levels. Suppose you were on the committee deciding whether Santhi could compete as a female. Consider each of the following hypothetical tests one at a time and base your conclusions only on the results of that test. The results of a physical examination show she has female genitals. On this basis, would you allow her to keep her medal and compete as a female in future races? Suppose the results of a chromosomal analysis shows that she has an XY chromosome set and is chromosomally male. Would you allow her to keep her medal and compete as a female? Lastly, suppose a test for hormone levels shows that she has levels of the male sex hormone testosterone that are higher than average for females but at least 10 times lower than the average for males. Would you allow her to keep her medal and compete in future races as a female? Now, put the results of all three tests together, and consider them as a whole. What are your conclusions? Now, lets consider the case of a South African runner, Caster Semenya, who won the 800-meter run at the World Championships held in Berlin, Germany, in 2009. After the race, she was asked to undergo sex testing. The IAAF stated that the tests were requested to ascertain whether she had a rare medical condition that gave her an unfair physical advantage. The nature of the tests and their results were not released, but press reports indicate that she did not have ovaries or a uterus, and had testosterone levels intermediate between the averages for males and females. In the end, the IAAF agreed to keep the results of her tests confidential, and Caster was allowed to keep her medal and return to international competition in 2010. In both cases, what the IAAF considers the threshold for determining who can compete as a female has not been stated. Would you recommend that testing of female athletes be continued to ensure that males do not compete as females? Or should all such testing be banned?arrow_forward
- A woman is trying to get pregnant and she has her hormone levels tested. The doctor finds that her levels of FSH and LH are normal, whereas her levels of progesterone are consistently lower than average across her cycle. What would be the most likely reason she is having trouble getting and/or staying pregnant? 1. The low levels of progesterone inhibit FSH and LHChoice 2. The low levels of progesterone inhibit menstruation 3. The low levels of progesterone lead to excessive thickening of the endometrium 4. The low levels of progesterone prevent the endometrium from thickeningarrow_forwardThe onset of labour both at term and preterm is associated with a functional withdrawl of progesterone activity at the level of the uterus. One method that can be used to reduce preterm labour is to supplement with synthetic progesterone. Progesterone supplementation may help to prevent preterm delivery by Select one: a. increasing levels of FSH b. decreasing the endometrium c. decreasing levels of estrogen d. calming uterine contractionsarrow_forwardPolycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder. PCOS may result in irregular periods, elevated levels of male hormones, and enlarged ovaries with fluid filled sacs called cysts.Doctors may prescribe birth control pills containing only progesterone to help regulate periods and reduce symptoms.Progesterone plays an important role in the ovarian and uterine cycles. Describe the levels of progesterone during an average 28-day cycle and explain why these levels occur. Week Progesterone level and explanation 1 2 3 4arrow_forward
- Although the most effective forms of oral contraceptive for women contain estrogen and progestin, some birth control pills contain a small dose of progestin only. This is because there are many risks and side effects associated with estrogen.Which of the following statements is NOT a reason for using a progestin-only oral contraceptive? Select one: a. Progesterone suppresses the maturation of follicles, thereby preventing ovulation of a mature ovum. b. Progesterone maintains the corpus luteum as corpus luteum releases a large amount of progesterone and some estrogen. c. Progestin-only oral contraceptives prevent the production of FSH and LH in the anterior pituitary. d. Progesterone suppresses the production of GnRH in the hypothalamus.arrow_forwardWhich of the following mechanisms best explains the contraceptive effect of birth control pills that contain both synthetic estrogen and progestin? Inhibition of ovulation Impairment of implantation hyperplastic changes of the endometrium Production of uterine secretions that are toxic to developing embryos Impairment of sperm transport due to uterotubal obstruction Direct inhibition of oocyte maturationarrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT one of the events leading to male sex-determination in humans? The Wolffian ducts are degraded. TDF and SF1 stimulate transcription of SOX9. Testosterone is produced, which stimulates the development of male reproductive structures and other male secondary characteristics. Mullerian-Inhibiting Hormone (MIH) is produced. The SRY gene is expressed to produce Testes-Determining Factor (TDF).arrow_forward
- Both men and women produce testosterone, but concentrations of testosterone in the blood are generally higher in men than in women. However, the testosterone levels of some XX females fall within the range of testosterone levels of XY men. This overlap has created controversy within women’s sports. Testosterone is known to increase muscle mass and enhance some types of athletic performance, so some people have suggested that women with naturally high testosterone levels have an unfair competitive advantage. In 2011, the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) adopted a policy that limits levels of testosterone in female athletes, saying that female athletes must not have a blood testosterone concentration greater than 10 nanomoles per liter (nmol/L), a level typically seen in men. Some elite female athletes have natural testosterone levels above this limit and have challenged the policy. Do you think that it is fair for XX females with naturally high testosterone…arrow_forwardFemale Reproductive System Menstruation is triggered by: O a decrease of estrogen and progesterone O a rise in FSH an increase of estrogen and progesterone O a spike in LHarrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT true during ovulation? - estrogen is at its highest peak - FSH is at its highest peak - LH is at its highest peak - progesterone is at its highest peak Please choose one from the choices.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning
Concepts of BiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168116Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James WisePublisher:OpenStax College
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning
Nutrition Through The Life CycleHealth & NutritionISBN:9781337919333Author:Brown, Judith E.Publisher:Cengage Learning,
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...
Biology
ISBN:9781285866932
Author:Lauralee Sherwood
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Concepts of Biology
Biology
ISBN:9781938168116
Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise
Publisher:OpenStax College
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...
Biology
ISBN:9781305251052
Author:Michael Cummings
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Nutrition Through The Life Cycle
Health & Nutrition
ISBN:9781337919333
Author:Brown, Judith E.
Publisher:Cengage Learning,
Great Glands - Your Endocrine System: CrashCourse Biology #33; Author: CrashCourse;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WVrlHH14q3o;License: Standard Youtube License