EBK WHAT IS LIFE? A GUIDE TO BIOLOGY WI
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781319360689
Author: PHELAN
Publisher: VST
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Chapter 27, Problem 9MC
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Autoimmunity occurs when the body's immune system attacks its own cells.
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Define the following terms:a. T cellsb. B cellsc. cellular immunityd. humoral immunitye. myoadenylate deaminase deficiency
Which of the following is not a function of antibodies?
Select one:
a. They neutralize pathogens by masking the pathogen surface.
b. They act as molecular adaptors that bridge together pathogen and phagocyte surfaces.
c. They exert toxic effects directly.
d. They act as opsonins that mediate phagocytosis.
e. They activate complement fixation.
Any aspect of the immune system can be deficient. Which of the following deficiencies would primarily affect the BARRIER function of immunity?
Group of answer choices
A. Complement Deficiencies, in which a variety of complement proteins do not function properly
B. DiGeorge Syndrome, in which the thymus does not develop properly
C. Selective IgA deficiency, in which IgA antibodies are produced in very low amounts
D. Severe Combined Immune Deficiency (SCID), in which all T and B cell functions are absent
Chapter 27 Solutions
EBK WHAT IS LIFE? A GUIDE TO BIOLOGY WI
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- Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Lymphatic vessels and veins have valves B. All Lymphocytes are part of our Non-specific immune defenses C. Chicken pox vaccines involve the injection of antibodies D. Spleens are lymph nodes which drain lymph fluid back to the blood circulation What do complement proteins, inflammation and fever have in common? A. All are part of the specific defenses mechanisms of the immune system (also called adaptive immunity) B. All are processes that occur in lymph nodes C. All occur as part of the non-specific defenses D. All occur as a direct result of antigen processing in an antigen processing cellarrow_forwardAn essential property of the immune system is self-regulation. An immune response that is not adequate can lead to immunodeficiency, whereas an immune response that is excessive can lead to conditions from allergic responses to autoimmune diseases. Which of these is not an example of a breakdown of the self-regulation of the immune system?a. Multiple sclerosisb. Huntington diseasec. Systemic lupusd. Fibromylagiaarrow_forwardIn innate immunity: A. the immunity to a substance is produced only after exposure to that substance and each time the body is exposed to a particular substance, the response is the same. B. immunity to a substance is produced only after exposure to that substance. C. each time the body is exposed to a particular substance, the response is the same. D. the ability to recognize and remember a particular substance is important. Which of the following statements regarding the lymphatic system is not true? A. Lymph originates from excess cellular fluid B. Lymph nodes trap bacteria C. Swelling of the lymph nodes indicates dysfunction of the lymphatic system D. Swelling of the lymph nodes indicates proper functioning of the lymphatic systemarrow_forward
- The four characteristics of adaptive immunity include all of the following except a. activation by a specific antigen. b. memory. c. production of clones of cells that have the same TCR or BCR. d. effective against a wide array of pathogens.arrow_forwardExplain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. Which of the following examples below describes an autoimmune disease? a. Infection and death of T helper cells by a virus, resulting in a loss of adaptive immunity b. Release of bacterial endotoxins that block acetylcholine release result in muscle paralysis. c. Antibody binding to acetylcholine receptors of the motor end plate resulting in muscle weakness. d. Uncontrolled cell division resulting in cell surface abnormalities recognized by NK cells.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are true for antigen presentation. a. Antigen presentation means that other cells attach the pathogen first and present it to T cells. b. Antigen-presenting cells display protein fragments, resulting from the digestion of the pathogen, in complex with MHC receptor to B cells c. Antigen presenting cells display protein fragments, resulting from the digestion of the pathogen, in complex with MHC receptor on their surface. d. Antigen-presenting cells are phagocytic cells e. Antigen presentation is required for T cell activation f. Cytokines released by macrophages are required for T cell activation g. T cell receptors recognize the MHC receptors in complex with antigen fragments displayed by antigen-presenting cells. h. Phagocytic cells are involved in innate immunity. Therefore they have no role in T-cell activationarrow_forward
- The immune system includes the various responses the body uses to ensure survival in the presence of disease-causing agents. Identify the example of innate immunity. A. Infected host cells are killed by toxic proteins from cytotoxic T cells. B. Toll-like receptors bind to foreign molecule fragments to initiate immune response. C. CD4 accessory proteins on the helper T cell surface bind to class II MHC molecules. D. IgE antibodies recognize and attach to pollen grains, stimulating an allergic reaction.arrow_forwardAntibodies against a specific antigen can be injected into a person to provide passive immunity. For which reason is this NOT as effective as the process of vaccination with that antigen? Select one: a. Injection of antibodies may cause allergic reactions, while vaccination never causes allergic reactions. b. Injection of antibodies does not provide long-lasting immunity, and vaccination with antigens triggers a clonal selection of B cells and cytotoxic T cells. c. Vaccination with antigens triggers a clonal selection of B cells and cytotoxic T cells. d. Injection of antibodies does not provide long-lasting immunity. e. Injection of antibodies does not provide long-lasting immunity and may cause allergic reactions, while vaccination never causes allergic reactions.arrow_forwardExplain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. B lymphocytes are categorized as part of the adaptive branch of the immune system for all of the following reasons but one. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons B lymphocytes are considered part of the adaptive immunity? a.They produce memory cells when activated. b.Their receptors will bind to only one antigen. c.They require co-stimulation from an activated T helper cell d. They are a first line of defense that can begin killing pathogens immediatelyarrow_forward
- An example of innate immune cells are: A. Macrophages B. Dendritic cells C. T cells D. B cells E. A and B onlyarrow_forwardExplain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. A vaccine is effective because a. The vaccine contains the antibodies necessary to fight infection. b. The vaccine contains the lymphocytes necessary to fight infection. c. The secondary response of the adaptive immunity is faster and more efficient than the primary response. d. B lymphocytes are unable to mount an immune response the first time they are exposed to a new pathogen.arrow_forwardWhat is a cytokine? A ) a. a chemical mediator (stimulus) of inflammation that is released by cells in response to tissue or cell damage O b. an antimicrobial substance made by neutrophils O c. a repair stimulator produced by Eosinophils during an allergic reaction O d. cellular (cyto-) substance that mediates noisy arguments between macrophages and lymphocytes And that I put A Cardiac disease is considered a(n) O a. acute, 3 O b. acute, 10 1 c. chronic, 3 O d. chronic, 10 Oe, acutely chronic, 114 And that I put Chronic 3 Are the 3 questions correct?arrow_forward
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