Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The correct reason should be determined for the given statement; does a single base-pair substitution in a strand of DNA always result in a new amino acids in the protein coded for by that gene.
Concept Introduction:
A base is nitrogen containing heterocyclic compound which is found in DNA and RNA.
Gene is the biological unit of heredity which holds the information to build and maintain their cells and pass genetic traits to offspring. In cells, a gene is a portion of DNA.
Amino acids are the molecules which containing an
Amino acids are the basic structural building units of protein and other
Central dogma in molecular biology is,
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EBK FUNDAMENTALS OF GENERAL, ORGANIC, A
- The genetic code uses three bases to encode one amino acid. Why can't the code use only two bases to encode each amino acid?arrow_forwardA gene contains 141 codons. How many nucleotides are present in the gene’s coding sequence? How many amino acids are expected to be present in the polypeptide encoded by this gene?arrow_forwardA DNA sequence can be represented as a string of the letters ACTG (short for adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine). (a) How many DNA sequences are exactly 24 letters long? (b) Given a DNA sequence of length 24, how many single letter mutations are possible? (c) Given a DNA sequence of length 24, how many double letter mutations are possible?arrow_forward
- How important and useful to the cell is the ability of the DNA to assume various forms? Why are these various forms necessary?arrow_forwardOne common type of non-homologous end joining, to repair a double stranded break, occurs when enzymes cut out a few nucleotides around the break, and then fuse the ends back together true or false?arrow_forwardHow many adenine bases are there if there are eight thousand cytosine bases in a fifteen thousand bp DNA?arrow_forward
- Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disorder caused by different types of mutations, many of which prevent ions from moving across cell membranes. Normally there are channel proteins that allow passage of the ions, but in patients with one kind of CF these proteins seem odd. Closer examination shows that these proteins display the correct amino acid sequence. However, they fail to do their job. A) Given that the primary structure of the protein is correct, what can you infer about the DNA sequence for the gene coding this protein on this patient, is there a mutation? Explain. B) Why is the primary structure insufficient to guarantee the proper function of the protein?arrow_forwardWhat percentage of the DNA in the genome actually corresponds to genes? How much is actually protein-coding exons? What makes up the rest?arrow_forwardIf an extra nucleotide is inserted in the first exon of the beta globin gene, what effect will it have on the amino acid sequence of the globin polypeptides? Will the globin most likely be fully functional, partly functional, or nonfunctional? Why?arrow_forward
- If the genetic code used 4 bases at a time, how many amino acids could be encoded?arrow_forwardAn RNA molecule has the following percentages of bases: A = 27%, U = 38%, C=20%, G = 15%. (A) Is this RNA molecule single-stranded or double stranded? How can you tell? (B) What would be the percentage of each of the bases in the template strand of the DNA that contains the gene for this RNA?arrow_forwardList the four types of noncoding DNA (see Section 27.2). Give the function of each, if it is known.arrow_forward
- Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning