ANATOMY & PHYS. CONNECT CARD 540 DAY
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781264510795
Author: McKinley
Publisher: MCG
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Textbook Question
Chapter 26.4, Problem 26WDYL
How are proteolytic enzymes activated in the stomach and in the small intestine? Explain why this is necessary.
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What function of liver involves the conjugation of bilirubin?
Explain why the proteolytic enzymes of the stomach and pancreas are synthesized in inactive forms.
6. More enzyme activity....
A) Discuss how proteolytic cleavage is used to achieve tight control of the activity of digestive enzymes.
B) If proteolytic cleavage leads to irreversible activation of digestive enzymes, how is the activity of digestive
enzymes reduced when no longer needed? There were two ways presented this semester.
C) We looked at three serine protease enzymes: elastase, chymotrypsin, and trypsin. All three enzymes cut
peptide bonds using a similar catalytic mechanism. Explain why these are called serine proteases.
D) What are the different substrate specificities of elastase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin? And, why, from a
structural standpoint, do elastase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin have different substrate specificities?
Chapter 26 Solutions
ANATOMY & PHYS. CONNECT CARD 540 DAY
Ch. 26.1 - How is the gastrointestinal (GI) tract...Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 2WDYLCh. 26.1 - What specific layer(s) must substances cross to...Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 4WDYLCh. 26.1 - Prob. 5WDYLCh. 26.1 - Prob. 6WDYLCh. 26.1 - Prob. 7WDYLCh. 26.1 - Prob. 8WDYLCh. 26.1 - Prob. 9WDYLCh. 26.2 - What structures are considered part of the upper...
Ch. 26.2 - Prob. 11WDYLCh. 26.2 - Prob. 12WDYLCh. 26.2 - How is the bolus moved from the oral cavity into...Ch. 26.2 - Prob. 14WDYLCh. 26.2 - Prob. 15WDYLCh. 26.3 - What organs are considered part of the lower GI...Ch. 26.3 - What are the three anatomic structures that...Ch. 26.3 - Prob. 18WDYLCh. 26.3 - Diagram the ducts of the accessory digestive...Ch. 26.3 - Prob. 20WDYLCh. 26.3 - Prob. 21WDYLCh. 26.3 - Prob. 22WDYLCh. 26.3 - Prob. 23WDYLCh. 26.3 - Which substances are typically absorbed by the...Ch. 26.4 - What enzymes are required to completely break down...Ch. 26.4 - How are proteolytic enzymes activated in the...Ch. 26.4 - What is the function of bile salts in lipid...Ch. 26.4 - Prob. 28WDYLCh. 26.4 - Prob. 29WDYLCh. 26.4 - Prob. 30WDYLCh. 26 - _____ 1. Which organ is located in the right upper...Ch. 26 - _____ 2. The _____ cells of the stomach are...Ch. 26 - _____ 3. Which of the following is an unregulated...Ch. 26 - _____ 4. Which organ (or part of an organ) is...Ch. 26 - _____ 5. Pancreatic juice contains a. HCO3 and...Ch. 26 - _____ 6. Bile is transported through the a....Ch. 26 - _____ 7. Digestion of proteins begins in the a....Ch. 26 - Prob. 8DYKBCh. 26 - _____ 9. Digestive enzymes that chemically digest...Ch. 26 - _____ 10. Most of the absorption of our digested...Ch. 26 - The GI tract from the esophagus to the anal canal...Ch. 26 - Discuss the reason why the involuntary sequence of...Ch. 26 - Prob. 13DYKBCh. 26 - Compare the structure of the circular folds,...Ch. 26 - Discuss why the tunica mucosa in the colon has a...Ch. 26 - Prob. 16DYKBCh. 26 - What is the role of the gallbladder in digestion?Ch. 26 - Describe the different forms of mechanical...Ch. 26 - Prob. 19DYKBCh. 26 - How are lipids absorbed in the GI tract?Ch. 26 - Prob. 1CALCh. 26 - Prob. 2CALCh. 26 - What component of the digestive tract can you not...Ch. 26 - The pancreatic ducts are blocked with a thick,...Ch. 26 - Prob. 5CALCh. 26 - Alexandra experienced vomiting and diarrhea and...Ch. 26 - A key event in the chemical digestion processes...Ch. 26 - Most cases of colorectal cancer occur in the most...
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- Why do protease-supplying cells of the stomachand of the pancreas make onlyprecursors of the activeproteolytic enzymes?arrow_forwardDuring liver failure, what specific amino acids should be used in order to ameliorate the existing diseases condition? Why have you selected these amino acids?arrow_forwardA. Elastase is activated by trypsinB. Trypsinisactivatedbyelastase Which statement is correct? Proteolytic activation of chymotrypsin from chymotrypsinogen requires cleavage of four peptide bonds. Assume that any proteases can convert 100 substrates to 100 products. Activation of one enteropeptidase can eventually lead to formation of how many chymotrypsin proteins?arrow_forward
- How would Cox-2 Inhibitors prevent the development of a peptic ulcer?arrow_forwardhow can disrupted electrical activity in the stomach cause motility disorders and nausea. how could they be treated pharmacologically?arrow_forwardWhen very low concentrations of pepsinogen are added to acidic media, how does the halftime for activation depend on zymogen concentration?arrow_forward
- In the liver, what is the major regulation that dictates fate of pyruvate vs lactate? (This can tie into reading assignment!) a) Activation of MCT1 to transport lactate out of cell b) Activation of pyruvate carboxylase and conc dictating use of lactate dehydrogenase, inhibition of PDHC c) Activation of lactate dehydrogen, inactivation of pyruvate carboxylasease and PDHC d) Activation of lactate dehydrogenase and MCT1 (transporter)arrow_forwardIn upper gastrointestinal bleeding, without knowing the cause or source of bleeding, why do we give proton pump inhibitors (PPIS, e.g. omeprazole)? What is the role of these, if the source of bleeding is not peptic or duodenal ulcer?arrow_forwardFor each of the following statements, indicate whether it is true or false. [Select] [Select] The LDL particles are internalized through the endocytic pathway. A mutation that impairs the association of the LDL receptor with adaptin would cause depletion of LDL in the blood. [Select] In the endosome, the LDL particle dissociates from the LDL receptor because the pH in the endosome is higher than that in the transport vesicle. [Select] A mutation that impairs the recruitment of the LDL receptor into clathrin-coated vesicles would cause a decrease in cellular cholesterol level.arrow_forward
- A 9 year old mentally retarded girl with a protuberant abdomen, short stature, coarse facial features and cloudy corneas. skeletal malformations include dysostosis Multiplex and Bullet shaped middle phalanx .what is the enzyme deficient in this patient? A)Iduronate sulfatase B) beta - Galactosidase C)alpha - L- Iduronidase D) beta - Glucuronidasearrow_forwardSelect the enzymes that play a role in producing monosaccharides absorbed by SGLT1. Group of answer choices Pancreatic alpha-amylase Sucrase Maltase Isomaltase Lactase alpha-amylase beta-amylase Glucoamylase Pullulanase Endoglucanase Exoglucanase Cellobiase All of the abovearrow_forwardIn acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the cancerous white blood cells typically lack the enzyme asparagine synthetase. Why is the administration of asparaginase an eff ective therapy for this type of cancer?arrow_forward
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Human digestive system - How it works! (Animation); Author: Thomas Schwenke;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X3TAROotFfM;License: Standard Youtube License