Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Using Figures
Concept introduction:
The combination of two or more elements (radicals) to form one compound is called combination reaction. A combination reaction is a reaction where two or more elements (radicals) or compounds (reactants) combine to form a single compound (product). Such reactions may be represented by equations of the following form:
(b)
Interpretation:
Using Figures
Concept introduction:
Radical disproportionation encompasses a group of reactions in
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Chapter 26 Solutions
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- Draw mechanism (with electron pairs, flow of electrons, charges, and steps, where applicable) of radical polymerization of styrene initiated by nitrile type initiator (RN=NR) that consists of initiation (two steps), propagation, and two termination steps (when two chains undergo combination and disproportionation reactions) Im stuck on how to show the mechanism for the two termination stepsarrow_forwardDraw a chemical reaction scheme for the benzoyl peroxide-initiated polymerization of vinyl chloride showing the initiation, propagation and termination steps. The termination steps should include combination, disproportionation and transfer to initiator. (Assume that there is no secondary decomposition of primary radicals and that regioselective in the propagating step is 100% H-T).arrow_forwardRadical polymerization of styrene gives a linear polymer. Radical polymerization of a mixture of styrene and 1,4-divinylbenzene gives a cross-linked network polymer of the type shown in Figure 29.1. Show by drawing structural formulas how incorporation of a few percent of 1,4-divinylbenzene in the polymerization mixture gives a cross-linked polymer.arrow_forward
- For a general chain-growth polymerization, we might expect that polymer chain length would be . Inversely proportional to the concentrations of monomer and initiator. Directly proportional to the concentrations of monomer and initiator. Directly proportional to the concentration of monomer and inversely proportional to the concentration of initiator. Inversely proportional to the concentration of monomer and directly proportional to the concentration of initiator. Other:arrow_forwardQ1: Clarify the differences between the cationic and anionic polymerization in propagation step.arrow_forwardDraw the mechanism for ziegler-natta-catalyzed polymerization of a subdtitude ethylene.arrow_forward
- Why should the monomers used in addition polymerisation through free radical pathway be very pure?arrow_forwardWhat is the monomer used to synthesize the polymer Next paarrow_forwardshow the mechanism for the condensation polymerisation reaction shown below. draw the FULL electron pushing mechanism with ALL intermediates, lone pairs, and formal charges clearly labelled. Show ALL electron pushing arrows and label the nucleophile and electrophile where appropriate for non-radical mechanisms.arrow_forward
- Question : Introduction of vinyl polymer production using the bulk method. Bulk method This is a method of polymerization. This method involves a radical mechanism. It is a three-step process. 1st step is initiation, 2nd is propagation and the last step is termination. In this method, the monomer should be in a liquid state. (Do not draw to explain)arrow_forwardAutoxidation is described as radical-chain reaction. What is meant by the rem “radical” in this context? By the term “chain”? By the term “chain length”?arrow_forwardWhy propagation step produce energy in chain growth polymerizations?arrow_forward
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Matter and ChangeChemistryISBN:9780078746376Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl WistromPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub CoChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning
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