25.1 and 25.2 Polarization of waves and Discovery of
* Assume that the bulb in Problem 25.2
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- Learning Goal: To understand polarization of light and how to use Malus's law to calculate the intensity of a beam of light after passing through one or more polarizing filters. The two transverse waves shown in the figure(Figure 1) both travel in the +z direction. The waves differ in that the top wave oscillates horizontally and the bottom wave oscillates vertically. The direction of oscillation of a wave is called the polarization of the wave. The upper wave is described as polarized in the +x direction whereas the lower wave is polarized in the +y direction. In general, waves can be polarized along any direction. Recall that electromagnetic waves, such as visible light, microwaves, and X rays, consist of oscillating electric and magnetic fields. The polarization of an electromagnetic wave refers to the oscillation direction of the electric field, not the magnetic field. In this problem all figures depicting light waves illustrate only the electric field. Figure 2 of 2 ,00 10 XTA…arrow_forwardLearning Goal: To understand polarization of light and how to use Malus's law to calculate the intensity of a beam of light after passing through one or more polarizing filters. The two transverse waves shown in the figure(Figure 1) both travel in the +z direction. The waves differ in that the top wave oscillates horizontally and the bottom wave oscillates vertically. The direction of oscillation of a wave is called the polarization of the wave. The upper wave is described as polarized in the +x direction whereas the lower wave is polarized in the +y direction. In general, waves can be polarized along any direction. Recall that electromagnetic waves, such as visible light, microwaves, and X rays, consist of oscillating electric and magnetic fields. The polarization of an electromagnetic wave refers to the oscillation direction of the electric field, not the magnetic field. In this problem all figures depicting light waves illustrate only the electric field. Figure 4 of 4 Incident…arrow_forwardSuppose that the picture below shows the dispersion curve for a certain material. Assume that light has wavelengths A, B, and C which travel from the said material to into vacuum. Based on the choices, determine which of them is the correct relationship between their speeds in vacuum setup. 1.46 1.45 1.44 850 1300 1550 Wavelength (nm) a. A = B = C b. A = B < C B < C = A C. d. A< C< B 1o zopu Refractionarrow_forward
- Item 8 Learning Goal: To understand polarization of light and how to use Malus's law to calculate the intensity of a beam of light after passing through one or more polarizing filters. The two transverse waves shown in the figure(Figure 1) both travel in the +z direction. The waves differ in that the top wave oscillates horizontally and the bottom wave oscillates vertically. The direction of oscillation of a wave is called the polarization of the wave. The upper wave is described as polarized in the +x direction whereas the lower wave is polarized in the +y direction. In general, waves can be polarized along any direction. Recall that electromagnetic waves, such as visible light, microwaves, and X rays, consist of oscillating electric and magnetic fields. The polarization of an electromagnetic wave refers to the oscillation direction of the electric field, not the magnetic field. In this problem all figures depicting light waves illustrate only the electric field. A linear polarizing…arrow_forward1 Polarizers Three polarizers are arranged as shown in the figure. The second polarizer is rotated clockwise through a 30* angle with respect to the first, and the third is rotated clockwise through a 60" angle with respect to the second. (a) What is the intensity and polarization of unpolarized light that passes through all three polarizers if the initial intensity is I,? (b) What is the transmitted intensity when the middle polarizer is removed?arrow_forwardWatch on Youtube Part 1 Polarized light is incident on 7 polarizing sheets. The axis of the first polarized sheet makes an angle with the plane of polarization. Each subsequent sheet has an axis that is rotated by an angle from that of adjacent sheets. Find @ if 73% of the incident intensity is transmitted by the sheets. 33.2 x Part 2 Suppose you want to rotate the plane of polarization of a beam of polarized light by 82", but you do not want the final intensity to be less than 88% of the initial intensity. What is the minimum number of polarizing sheets you must use? Assume that each sheet is rotated the same angle relative to the adjacent sheets. x sheetsarrow_forward
- 14. Unpolarized light with intensity 1, is incident on two polarizers as sketched in Figure B. Suppose the angle between the axes of the two polarizers is 0 = 60°. What is the intensity of the transmitted light? Express your answer as a fraction of I. Polarizer axis Unpolarized light Figure Barrow_forwardPart 2 Suppose you want to rotate the plane of polarization of a beam of polarized light by 65°, but you do not want the final intensity to be less than 64% of the initial intensity. What is the minimum number of polarizing sheets you must use? Assume that each sheet is rotated the same angle relative to the adjacent sheets. sheetsarrow_forward5. Define and explain the Brewster angle. (Give a verbal description and the associated expressions) 6. Compute the Brewster angle for the oblique incidence of a parallel polarized wave from air onto a nonmagnetic dielectric medium with relative permittivity of 9. 7. Compute the angle of refraction for the previous question. 1.33, glycerin = 1.47 Compute and compare the velocities of waves through these materials. 8. Given the refractive indices of the materials: water 9. Define and explain the Critical Angle of Incidence. (Give a verbal description and the associated expressions) 10. Compute the critical angle of incidence for a wave falling on a diamond surface from air. (The refractive indice of air is 1, refractive indice of diamond is 2,7).arrow_forward
- Integrated Concepts (a) On a day when the intensity of sunlight is 1.00 kW/m2, a circular lens 0.200 m in diameter focuses light onto water in a black beaker. Two polarizing sheets of plastic are placed in front of the lens with their axes at an angle of 20.0°. Assuming the sunlight is un-polarized and the polarizers are 100% efficient, what is the initial rate of heating of the water in °C/s, assuming it is 80.0% absorbed? The aluminum beaker has a mass of 30.0 grams and contains 250 grams of water. (b) Do the polarizing filters get hot? Explain.arrow_forwardYou use a sequence of ideal polarizing niters, each with its axis making the same angle with the axis of the previous filter, to rotate the plane of' polarization of a polarized light beam by a total of 45.0. You wish to have an intensity reduction no larger than 10.0%. (a) How many polarizers do you need to achieve your goal? (b) What is the angle between adjacent polarizers?arrow_forward3 Traffic Ticket A physicist is arrested for running a red light. In court, he pleads that he approached the intersection at such a speed that the light looked green to him. The judge, having taken a couple physics courses as an undergraduate, changes the charge to speeding and fines the defendant $1 for every mile per hour over the local speed limit of 30 miles per hour. What is the fine? Assume the wavelength of green light is 530 nm and the wavelength of red light is 650 nm.arrow_forward
- Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...PhysicsISBN:9781305116399Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningCollege PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781938168000Author:Paul Peter Urone, Roger HinrichsPublisher:OpenStax College