Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134605197
Author: Dee Unglaub Silverthorn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 25, Problem 2RQ
Summary Introduction
Introduction: The energy producing units in various reactions is known as ATP. The breakdown of ATP molecule releases ADP and a phosphate molecule. It is also known as the molecular currency of energy.
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Which of the following correctly describes ATP usage in gluconeogenesis
and glycolysis?
O ATP is consumed by gluconeogenesis and produced by glycolysis.
O ATP is consumed by both gluconeogenesis and glycolysis.
O ATP is produced by gluconeogenesis and consumed by glycolysis.
O ATP is produced by both gluconeogenesis and glycolysis.
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During anaerobic conditions, lactate travels from the muscle to the liver via the
bloodstream. What is lactate converted into when it reaches the liver before it
returns back to the muscle?
Glucagon
Citrate
Acetyl CoA
Glycogen
Glucose
Describe in general terms what happens to a molecule of glucose during aerobic respiration
Chapter 25 Solutions
Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
Ch. 25.2 - If venous PO2 decreases as exercise intensity...Ch. 25.3 - In Figure 25.8b, why does the line for mean blood...Ch. 25.5 - The active vasodilator nerves to the skin secrete...Ch. 25 - Name the two muscle compounds that store energy in...Ch. 25 - Prob. 2RQCh. 25 - Prob. 3RQCh. 25 - Prob. 4RQCh. 25 - Prob. 5RQCh. 25 - What is meant by the term oxygen deficit, and how...Ch. 25 - Prob. 7RQ
Ch. 25 - In endurance events, body temperature can reach...Ch. 25 - Prob. 9RQCh. 25 - Prob. 10RQCh. 25 - Prob. 11RQCh. 25 - Prob. 12RQCh. 25 - Match the following brain areas with the...Ch. 25 - Specify whether each of the following parameters...Ch. 25 - Why doesnt increased venous return during exercise...Ch. 25 - Diagram the three theories that explain why the...Ch. 25 - Prob. 17RQCh. 25 - Explain how exercise decreases blood glucose in...Ch. 25 - Prob. 19RQCh. 25 - Prob. 20RQCh. 25 - The following graph shows left ventricular...
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- Which of the following regarding the ATP Synthase is INCORRECT? Protons flow through the a and c subunits The translocation of four protons through the ATP synthase fuels the synthesis of one ATP molecule The F1 domain can function as an ATPase The y subunit rotates while the xß dimers are stationaryarrow_forwardWhich of the following events occurs during the energy-payoff phase of glycolysis? One carbon of a pyruvate molecule is oxidized to carbon dioxide. Oxaloacetate receives a two-carbon acetyl group from acetyl coenzyme A to form citrate. Substrate-level phosphorylation Oxidative Phosphorylation In which stage of aerobic cellular respiration are FADH2 molecules produced? Pyruvate Oxidation Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Which of the following events does not occur during pyruvate processing (pyruvate oxidation)? One carbon atom of each pyruvate is oxidized to carbon dioxide. NAD+ coenzyme is reduced to NADH. The remaining two carbon atoms of pyruvate (acetyl unit) reacts with coenzyme A to produce acetyl CoA. FAD coenzyme receives two hydrogen atoms to produce FADH2.arrow_forwardIn which phase of aerobic respiration is the main part of ATP formed? Electron transport chain Krebs cycle Conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA Glycolysisarrow_forward
- b) Place a 'Yes' or a 'No' in the appropriate boxes that correspond to each listed feature of cellular respiration. You may need to state 'Yes' or 'No' in more than one box in a particular row in some cases. Cellular Respiration Feature Involved in aerobic respiration Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix Pyruvate molecules are produced Acetyl COA combines with a 4 carbon molecule Electrons are passed between protein carriers ATP is produced NAD+ gains hydrogen FADH₂ loses hydrogen Glycolysis Yes / No Krebs Cycle Yes / No Electron Transport chain Yes / Noarrow_forwardWhich of the following is true about aerobic and anaerobic metabolism? the citric acid cycle happens faster in aerobic metabolism than it does in anaerobic metabolism oxidative phosphorylation in anaerobic metabolism requires more steps than aerobic metabolism glycolysis is the first step of both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism electron transport chain produces more CO2 in anaerobic metabolism than it does in aerobic metabolism chemiosmosis occurs more frequently in anaerobic metabolism than it does in aerobic metabolismarrow_forwardIn hepatocytes, the enzyme glucokinase catalyzes the ATP-coupled phosphorylation of glucose. Glucokinase binds both ATP and glucose, forming a glucose-ATP-enzyme complex. The enzyme then transfers the phosphoryl group directly from ATP to glucose. Select the advantages of phosphoryl group transfer compared to hydrolysis and subsequent phosphorylation? Glucokinase increases the transition state energy, favoring glucose phosphorylation. Reaction intermediates do not need to be present in excess. The process takes advantage of the high phosphoryl group transfer potential of ATP. ATP hydrolysis is thermodynamically unfavorable compared to group transfer.arrow_forward
- place the following mechanisms to generate ATP in order from least to most generated per glucose molecule: aerobic respiration anaerobic respiration fermentationarrow_forwardThe complete aerobic respiration of glucose yields far more energy stored in ATP than glycolysis alone for all of the following reasons EXCEPT: Krebs cycle generates reduced electron carrier molecules (NADH and FADH₂) Krebs cycle generates some additional ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation Electron transport chain (terminal respiratory pathway) produces many ATPs through oxidative phosphorylation using electron carrier molecules (NADH and FADH₂) None of the other four answers (all are reasons that aerobic respiration yields more energy than glycolysis alone) Glycolysis only partially oxidizes the glucose molecule to pyruvic acidarrow_forwardIf carbohydrates are unavailable for cellular respiration, other organic molecules can be broken down and enter the cellular respiration process at the appropriate spot. Proteins can be broken down into a variety of amino acids. Some amino acids can be converted into glutamate which can then be converted into alpha ketoglutarate. State which steps of the cellular respiration pathway lead to the generation of the energy molecules. State the TOTAL number of ATP molecule the ONE of these converted alpha-ketoglutarate molecules can produce and explain how all the ATP molecules are generated.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements are TRUE? O a. Phosphofructose kinase (PFK) is used exclusively for anaerobic glycolysis O b. Mitochondria cannot produce ATP from protein and fat O c. Mitochondria are not used in high intensity exercise but are the only system responsible for ATP production during light and moderate intensity exercise O d. From a single glucose molecule, mitochondria form much more ATP than comes directly from glycolysisarrow_forwardIf carbohydrates are unavailable for cellular respiration, other organic molecules can be broken down and enter the cellular respiration process at the appropriate spot. Proteins can be broken down into a variety of amino acids. Some amino acids can be converted into glutamate which can then be converted into alpha-ketoglutarate. State which steps of the cellular respiration pathway lead to the generation of the energy molecules. State the TOTAL number of ATP molecules the ONE of these converted alpha-ketoglutarate molecules can produce and explain how all the ATP molecules are generated. Draw the stages that the molecule is going through in order to produce those ATPs.arrow_forwardWhy are anaerobic conditions necessary for the production of lactic acid in the fermentation of sauerkraut? (choose all that apply) V Some organisms can switch their metabolic processes from using oxygen as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain to using lactic acid as their means of regenerating NAD for use in glycolysis. In the presence of oxygen, these same organisms can produce carbon dioxide and ATP as their end products. Organisms that can switch between aerobic and anaerobic cell respiration are called facultative anaerobes. some organisms cannot grow in low pH environments Some organisms cannot grow in the presence of oxygen some organisms can complete the Krebs cycle in the absence of oxygen, and they produce ethanol and carbon dioxide O Even with the high salt concentration of the brine, if enough oxygen is present, spoilage organisms can grow. none of these choices are correct O some organisms cannot grow in the presence of 2% salt O some organisms…arrow_forward
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Anaerobic Respiration; Author: Bozeman Science;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cDC29iBxb3w;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY