Anatomy and Physiology by OpenStax
17th Edition
ISBN: 9781506698021
Author: J. Gordon Betts;Dean H. Kruse;Kelly A. Young;Peter DeSaix;Brandon Poe;Oksana Korol;James A. Wise;Eddie Johnson;Jody E. Johnson;Mark Womble
Publisher: XANEDU PUBLISHING
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Textbook Question
Chapter 25, Problem 17RQ
Most absorption and secretion occurs in this part of the nephron.
- proximal convoluted tubule
- descending loop of Henle
- ascending loop of Henle
- distal convoluted tubule
- collecting ducts
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Match the structure of the nephron to its primary function.
Renal corpuscle
Proximal tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal tubule
Collecting duct
responsible for size-selective filtration of the blood
responsible for active transport and reabsorption of ions and
nutrients as well as the reabsorption of water
may or may not reabsorb sodium ions depending on the
presence or absence of the hormone aldosterone.
establishes a strong osmotic gradient allowing the
reabsorption of water, sodium ions, and chloride ions.
regulates reabsorption of water in response to the presence of
ADH & secretes urea into the interstitial fluid to maintain the
osmotic gradient of the medulla.
ADH acts on the
to regulate water reabsorption.
thick and thin segments of the ascending nephron loop
O collecting ducts
descending portions of the nephron loop
distal convoluted tubules
Match each function to its site of action in the nephron.
Glomerulus
Proximal
convoluted
tubule
Descending limb-
of loop of Henle
Answer Bank
reabsorption of salt only, diluting filtrate
Distal
convoluted
tubule
Ascending limb
of loop of Henle
regulation of NaCl and K+ in bodily fluids by secreting K+ and reabsorbing NaCl
filtration of blood p;plasma
Collecting duct
reabsorption of water only, increasing solute concentration of filtrate
secretion of drugs and poisons into nephron lumen
transport of filtrate to renal pelvis
Chapter 25 Solutions
Anatomy and Physiology by OpenStax
Ch. 25 - Diabetes insipidus or diabetes mellitus would most...Ch. 25 - The color of urine is determined mainly by...Ch. 25 - Production of less than 50 mL/day of urine is...Ch. 25 - Peristaltic contractions occur in the ________....Ch. 25 - Somatic motor neurons must be ________ to relax...Ch. 25 - Which pan of the urinaiy system is not completely...Ch. 25 - The renal pyramids are separated from each other...Ch. 25 - The primary structure found within the medulla is...Ch. 25 - The right kidney is slightly lower because...Ch. 25 - Blood filtrate is captured in the lumen of the...
Ch. 25 - What are the names of the capillaries following...Ch. 25 - The functional unit of the kidney is called...Ch. 25 - ________ pressure must be greater on the capillary...Ch. 25 - Production of urine to modify plasma makeup is the...Ch. 25 - Systemic blood pressure must stay above 60 so that...Ch. 25 - Aquaporin channels are only found in the...Ch. 25 - Most absorption and secretion occurs in this part...Ch. 25 - The fine tuning of water recovery or disposal...Ch. 25 - Vasodilation of blood vessels to the kidneys is...Ch. 25 - When blood pressure increases, blood vessels...Ch. 25 - Which of these three paracrine chemicals cause...Ch. 25 - What hormone directly opposes the actions of...Ch. 25 - Which of these is a vasoconstrictor? nitric oxide...Ch. 25 - What signal causes the heart to secrete atrial...Ch. 25 - Which of these beverages does not have a diuretic...Ch. 25 - Progesterone can bind to receptors for which...Ch. 25 - Renin is released in response to ________....Ch. 25 - Which step in vitamin D production does the kidney...Ch. 25 - Which hormone does the kidney produce that...Ch. 25 - If there were no aquaporin channels in the...Ch. 25 - What is suggested by the presence of white blood...Ch. 25 - Both diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus...Ch. 25 - Why are females more likely to contract bladder...Ch. 25 - Describe how forceful urination is accomplished.Ch. 25 - What anatomical structures provide protection to...Ch. 25 - How does the renal poital system differ from the...Ch. 25 - Name the structures found in the renal hilum.Ch. 25 - Which structures make up the renal corpuscle?Ch. 25 - What are the major structures comprising the...Ch. 25 - Give the formula for net filtration pressure.Ch. 25 - Name at least five symptoms of kidney failure.Ch. 25 - Which vessels and what pail of the nephron are...Ch. 25 - Give the approximate osmolarity of fluid in the...Ch. 25 - Explain what happens to Na+ concentration in the...Ch. 25 - If you want the kidney to excrete more Na+ in the...Ch. 25 - What organs produce which hormones or enzymes in...Ch. 25 - PTH affects absorption and reabsorption of what?Ch. 25 - Why is ADH also called vasopressin?Ch. 25 - How can glucose be a diuretic?Ch. 25 - How does lack of protein in the blood cause edema?Ch. 25 - Which three electrolytes are most closely...
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- Reabsorption depends on _________. a. osmosis across the nephron wall b. active transport of sodium across the nephron wall c. a steep solute concentration gradient d. all of the abovearrow_forwardWater and small solutes enter nephrons during ________. a. filtration b. reabsorption c. secretion d. both a and barrow_forwardDescribe (and label on a diagram) the structures of a nephron (including associated blood vessels) and give the functions of each structure.arrow_forward
- As the text noted, two-thirds of the water and solutes that the body reclaims by reabsorption in nephrons occurs in the proximal tubule. Proximal tubule cells have large numbers of mitochondria and demand a great deal of oxygen. Explain why.arrow_forwardFigure 41.5 Which of the following statements about the kidney is false? The renal pelvis drains into the ureter. The renal pyramids are in the medulla. The cortex covers the capsule. Nephrons are in the renal cortex.arrow_forwardFatty tissue holds the kidneys in place. Extremely rapid weight loss may cause this tissue to shrink so that the kidneys slip from their normal position. On rare occasions, the slippage can put a kink in one or both ureters and block urine flow. Suggest what might then happen to the kidneys.arrow_forward
- Which of the following does not contribute to the process of filtration? (a) active transport by epithelial cells lining renal tubules (b) large surface area for filtration (c) low permeability of glomerular capillaries (d) high hydrostatic blood pressure in glomerular capillaries (e) podocytesarrow_forwardThe afferent arteriole delivers blood to the (a) renal artery (b) efferent arteriole (c) renal vein (d) capillaries of the glomerulus (e) peritubular capillariesarrow_forwardWhich of the following does not contribute to the high salt concentration in the interstitial fluid of the kidney medulla? (a) active transport of sodium from the upper part of the ascending limb (b) diffusion of salt from the ascending limb of the loop of Henle (c) reabsorption of salt from various regions of Bowmans capsule (d) counterflow of fluid through the two limbs of the loop of Henle (e) diffusion of urea out of the collecting ductarrow_forward
- Explain what is meant when we talk about filtration, reabsorption, and secretion in the kidneys.arrow_forwardSodium is actively extruded from which part of the nephron?a. descending portion of the proximal convoluted tubuleb. ascending portion of the loop of the nephronc. ascending portion of the distal convoluted tubuled. descending portion of the collecting ductarrow_forwardThe Nephron Identify the structures of the nephron by coloring them as described here. Insert arrows to show V. the direction of flow. Afferent arteriole: Dark red • Efferent arteriole: Blue • Proximal convoluted tubule: Pink • Descending limb of loop of Henle: Green • Ascending limb of loop of Henle: Purple Distal convoluted tubule: Orange • Collecting duct: Yellow • Outline Bowman's capsule in brown • Glomerulus: Light redarrow_forward
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