Campbell Biology
Campbell Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135188743
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 24, Problem 4TYU
Summary Introduction

Introduction: “Yellow-rumped Warblers” are fairly large birds with a large head, strong bill, and long-narrow tail. Color pattern of these birds differ during summer and winter. Both sexes exhibit attractive gray color during summer with white flare in wings, yellow color on the face, sides, and rump. Males exhibit remarkable shaded pattern, while females are dull and may show some brown color. During winter, these birds are pale brown in color and exhibit a bright yellow rump with some yellow on the sides.

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A population of interbreeding birds has been split by a geological event after which the isolated part of the population started to evolve into an incipient species with different mating rituals. Due to a recent environmental change the two populations are now able to potentially mate again in what is called a hybrid zone. Mating does take place every now and then but the hybrid offspring appear less able to survive. As a consequence, mating rituals start to diverge even further. We call this process of continued divergence? O Fusion O Behavioral isolation Reinforcement O Postzygotic isolation O Stability
Distinct species that are able to interbreed in nature are said to “hybridize,” and their offspring are called “hybrids.” The gray oak and the Gambel oak can mate to produce fertile hybrids in regions where they co-occur. However, the gene flow in nature is sufficiently limited that, overall, the two species remain phenotypically distinct. If the hybrid offspring survive well and reproduce to the extent that there is a large population of hybrid individuals that breed between themselves but do not interbreed with either of the two original parent species (the gray and the Gambel), which of the following would you say most likely led to the new hybrid species?(a) prezygotic reproductive barriers (b) sympatric speciation (c) allopatric speciation (d) postzygotic reproductive barriers (e) none of the above
In the bighorn sheep population of North America, what would happen if all of the large-bodied, large-horned males were hunted, leaving only small-bodied, small-horned sheep?  a)Males could no longer protect females from predators, so eventually all of the sheep would be eaten by predators. b)There would be no phenotypic variation in the population of sheep, and natural selection could not lead to males with larger horns in the future. C)The size of horns would no longer be a heritable traits, and would males would not pass this trait to their offspring. d)Males would begin to use their horns for other behaviors, such as hunting prey or being better competitors.
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