To define: The term immunity.
Introduction: The pathogen is an organism which causes infection and diseases to the host organism. These agents most often degrade the health of an individual. The responses that are generated towards these pathogens are from the immune system present in the body of an individual.
Explanation of Solution
The responses generated against the microorganisms for shielding an organism’s body is called immunity. Vaccination supports the immune system of an organism to develop resistance against a number of diseases. These vaccines may contain live attenuated (or weakened) antigens, killed antigens, subunit of the antigen or toxins of the pathogen.
Thus, the response generated against the microorganisms for shielding an organism’s body is known as immunity.
To explain: The meaning of memory and specificity of the immune system.
Introduction: The property of a body to fight against various disease causing microorganisms and generate an immune response is known as immunity. The small white blood cells which play a major role in immune system of the body are known as lymphocytes.
Explanation of Solution
When an infection occurred inside the body of an organism, the T cells transmit the signal to the B cells to produce antibodies against the antigens. The antibodies produced are highly specific to the pathogens present in the body. Those antibodies interact with the antigens and results in the death of the pathogen. The memory cells are generated in this process to store the information about the specific microbe to prevent the body from infections in the future.
Thus, the antibodies produced are highly specific to the pathogens present in the body and the memory of immune system stores the information about the previous encounter of microorganism to prevent the body from infections in the future.
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Chapter 24 Solutions
Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
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