Universe: Stars And Galaxies
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781319115098
Author: Roger Freedman, Robert Geller, William J. Kaufmann
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 24, Problem 14Q
To determine
The explanation behind the ejection of material from quasars at speed faster than the light.
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One
of the strongest emission lines observed from distant galaxies comes from hydrogen and has a wavelength of 122 nm
(in the ultraviolet region). How fast must a galaxy be moving away from us in order for that line to be observed in the
visible region at 366 nm?
The farthest objects in our Universe discovered by modern astronomers are so distant that light emitted by them takes billions of years to reach the Earth. These objects (known as quasars) have many puzzling features, which have not yet been satisfactorily explained. What is the distance in km of a quasar from which light takes 3.0 billion years to reach us ?
The most distant quasar is "J0313-1806". Its
redshift is z = 7.64.
[ z = (femitted - fobserved)/ fobserved]
Assume that the redshift is due to relative
motion. Then how fast is the quasar moving
away from Earth?
(speed as the fraction of c = )
| .704
According to Hubble's Law, the distance (r)
depends on the speed of recession (v)
according to v = Hor where Ho~
20km/s
Mly
How many years are required for light to
travel from the quasar to Earth?
(years = )
Chapter 24 Solutions
Universe: Stars And Galaxies
Ch. 24 - Prob. 1QCh. 24 - Prob. 2QCh. 24 - Prob. 3QCh. 24 - Prob. 4QCh. 24 - Prob. 5QCh. 24 - Prob. 6QCh. 24 - Prob. 7QCh. 24 - Prob. 8QCh. 24 - Prob. 9QCh. 24 - Prob. 10Q
Ch. 24 - Prob. 11QCh. 24 - Prob. 12QCh. 24 - Prob. 13QCh. 24 - Prob. 14QCh. 24 - Prob. 15QCh. 24 - Prob. 16QCh. 24 - Prob. 17QCh. 24 - Prob. 18QCh. 24 - Prob. 19QCh. 24 - Prob. 20QCh. 24 - Prob. 21QCh. 24 - Prob. 22QCh. 24 - Prob. 23QCh. 24 - Prob. 24QCh. 24 - Prob. 25QCh. 24 - Prob. 26QCh. 24 - Prob. 27QCh. 24 - Prob. 28QCh. 24 - Prob. 29QCh. 24 - Prob. 30QCh. 24 - Prob. 31QCh. 24 - Prob. 32Q
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- The Lyman alpha line (Kα) of hydrogen is measured in the laboratory to have a wavelength of 121.6 nm. In the quasar PKS 2000-330 the same line is determined to have a wavelength of 580.0 nm. What is its redshift and recession velocity?arrow_forwardThe spectral lines of various elements are detected in light from a galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major. An ultraviolet line from singly ionized calcium (lS = 393 nm) is observed at wavelength l0 = 414 nm, redshifted into the visible portion of the spectrum. At what speed is this galaxy receding from us?arrow_forwardObservations of quasars have shown us that many are extremely _________, emitting more energy than all the stars in a galaxy. The energy they give off comes from a very small volume, typically about the size of ___________. Some have long ______, shooting off in opposite directions. Today, astronomers understand that all the properties of quasars can be explained if they are __________ at the centers of galaxies. Astronomers can use _____________ to study images and spectra of the central regions of galaxies more clearly than earlier instruments.arrow_forward
- Suppose a distant quasar has a redshift of 6. At what fraction of the speed of light is the quasar moving away? z = Δλ/λ = v/carrow_forwardIs a quasar with a redshift of z = 2 going faster than the speed of light? Why or why not?arrow_forwardAll galaxies farther away than about 50×106 ly exhibit a red shift in their emitted light that is proportional to distance, with those farther and farther away having progressively greater red shifts. What does this imply, assuming that the only source of red shift is relative motion? (Hint: At these large distances, it is space itself that is expanding, but the effect on light is the same.)arrow_forward
- How does the Doppler effect on sound waves differ from the Doppler effect on electromagnetic waves? Consider both cases: emitter moving and detector moving. Spiral galaxies have been observed to have different Doppler shifts on each side. Why? Where do the red and blue shifts come from?arrow_forwardSuppose an alien race on a distant planet tries to send a message to us, with a laser (light). However, we were unaware that there is a stellar-mass black hole almost directly between us and them. How would this complicate our attempts to locate their position in the Galaxy? O Gravitational lensing would make the signal appear to be coming from a different location O The information carried by the laser (light) would be altered O It would not matter The black hole absorbs all of the lightarrow_forwardWhat is the Lorentz factor and speed of a quasar with a red light wavelength of 510 nm and rest frame of 148 nm?arrow_forward
- What observation in astronomy, made AFTER the discovery of quasars, was a big help to astronomers in figuring out what quasars really were? 3 E O the discovery that the Milky Way Galaxy has a black hole at the center with enough mass for 4 million Suns O the understanding that most stars become white dwarfs when they die and white dwarfs are much smaller than main-sequence stars D O the discovery of exoplanets (planets orbiting other stars) throughout the Galaxy O the discovery that the galaxies mostly show a red shift O the discovery of Herbig-Haro objects around newly forming stars 4 F3 C $ 4 49 R F Q Search DII % 5 V F5 T G a V6 A F6 Y B * H F7 & PrtScn U N FB *00 8 J Home - F9 9 End K M F10 O Carrow_forward3C 273 was the first quasar identified (1963). When we look at its chemical spectrum, we see that its hydrogen alpha emission line (Hα) has an observed wavelength of λobs = 759 nm.-(By comparing the observed wavelength of Hα with the rest-frame (source) wavelength, find 3C 273’s redshift, z.- How fast is 3C 273 moving away from us in km/s?-Assuming the value of Hubble constant listed in the table at the top of the page, how far away is 3C 273 in Mpc? This was, at the time, the most distant object in the known universe!answer to three significant figuresarrow_forwardThe expanding universe is carrying distant objects away from each other at a rate proportional to their separations. We use the Doppler effect observed in spectra of distant galaxies and quasars to calculate recession speeds. For the most distant objects recession speeds approach c, and therefore, the relativistic Doppler shift expression must be used. We define the redshift, z, as the fractional change in wavelength. a) The most distant quasar currently known is ULAS J1120+0641, discovered with the UK Infrared Telescope on Mauna Kea. It has a redshift of 7.1. Calculate its radial velocity in terms of v/c. b) Determine the distance to this quasar. c) At what wavelength would the Ha line (656.28 nm) be observed for this quasar?arrow_forward
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