Chapter 24, Problem 13TE

To determine

The symptoms of activated stress neuron.

Answer to Problem 13TE

The symptoms are- increased heart rate, fear, quick-thinking, over-excitement.

Explanation of Solution

There are four types of activators which activate the stress neuron also known as stimulants as amphetamines, cocaine, caffeine, nicotine.

Amphetamines- It belongs to amphetamine parent compound. It has similar structure as body’s natural neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine have. Thus it easily binds with the receptor sites of natural neurotransmitters and affects the brain’s reward centre so the person feels overexcited but at the same time many side effects can be observed as insomnia, irritability, loss of appetite and increase in blood pressure.

Cocaine-work same as the amphetamines but it has more dangerous effects, its addictions is high and consumed by nasally.

Caffeine molecules also bind with the receptor sites of natural neurotransmitters. Which increases mood altering effects.

Nicotine bind with acetylcholine neurotransmitter’s receptor site due similar chemical structure which stimulates the many acetylcholine’s effects resulting digestion, relaxation and muscle contraction.

Conclusion:

Therefore, the symptoms are- increased heart rate, fear, quick-thinking, over-excitement.