Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 23.3, Problem 2TC
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The steps that government would take to slow the spread of white-nose syndrome to previously unaffected areas.
Introduction:
White-nose syndrome is a disease which is caused by a pathogenic
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Diseases caused by different types of pathogens have their own seasonality. That is, there is a higher frequency of bacterial and viral diseases in winter and a higher frequency of fungal and parasitological problems in summer. I explain winter, you explain summer.
In winter, people are indoors with frequent touching of the same surfaces, breathing of the same air, as well as frequent contact. Bacterial diseases spread through touching of common surfaces while viral diseases also are spread through breathing in of infectious aerosols (someone’s sneeze, microbes in recycled air). Therefore the incidence of bacterial and viral diseases are greater during the winter.
Why are fungal and protozoan diseases more important in the summer? (3 good reasons).
Once these pathogens enter the host the difference in environmental conditions signals for them to germinate and turn into growing cells. Compare Inhalation anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) to Tetanus (Clostridium tetani). Besides endospores used in transmission, what is a simple explanation to help explain how each microbe survives and grows in each location?
W
S
Fungal infections generally have fewer treatment options because..
a) they are Gram negative cells
b) their cell type is eukaryotic like ours
c) they can easily mutate their genetic code
d) their DNA is more complex than ours
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Chapter 23 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 1TCCh. 23.1 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 23.1 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 23.2 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 23.2 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 23.2 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 23.3 - Fossil evidence suggests an important link between...Ch. 23.3 - Prob. 2TCCh. 23.3 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 23.3 - Prob. 2CYL
Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 23.4 - Prob. 1TCCh. 23.4 - Prob. 1HYEWCh. 23.4 - explain how fungi affect agriculture?Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 23.4 - describe the role of fungi in the production of...Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 1CTCh. 23 - Prob. 1MCCh. 23 - Which of the following diseases is not caused by a...Ch. 23 - A symbiotic association of plant roots and fungi...Ch. 23 - The alcohol in beer and wine is a by-product of...Ch. 23 - __________ is an ecologically important function...Ch. 23 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 23 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 23 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 23 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 23 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 23 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 23 - Prob. 1RQCh. 23 - Prob. 2RQCh. 23 - Prob. 3RQCh. 23 - Prob. 4RQCh. 23 - Prob. 5RQCh. 23 - Prob. 6RQCh. 23 - Describe how a fairy ring of mushrooms is...Ch. 23 - Prob. 8RQCh. 23 - Prob. 1ACCh. 23 - Prob. 2AC
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- a ) Describe the two types of fungal hypha. b) What are the major differences between the lytic cycle and the lysogenic cycle.arrow_forwardMEDICALLY SIGNIFICANT ALGAE (answer the following) EXAMPLE: Aexandrium Spp MICROBIAL PROFILE MICROORGANISM/ CAUSATIVE AGENT GRAM REACTION OXYGEN REQUIREMENT SIZE SHAPE HABITAT DISCOVERY Alexandrium Spp (-) Length 20 - 48 µm, width 18 - 34 μm Spherical Coastal, estuarine, oceans Egyptian researcher discovered a red tide along the coast of the Alexandria harbour in Egypt.arrow_forwardA scientist is interested in genetically engineering a fungus that has a limited reproductive process so that it does not accidentally cross breed with other fungi in the laboratory. Which process should be disrupted to hinder fungal reproduction?a) None of theseb) Mycelium formationc) Spore formationd) Nutrient absorptione) Septa formationarrow_forward
- 34) Which of the following fungal diseases involves an intracellular parasite that partially disables macrophages, allowing for spread beyond the lungs. A) Coccidioidomycosis C) Pneumocystis B) Blastomycosis D) Histoplasmosis 35) Of the following genetic material types seen in viruses, which genetic material type leads to rapid, almost immediate production of viral proteins, followed closely by replication of the genome leading to rapid synthesis of new viruses, which tends to overwhelm the host, as exemplified in a viral disease which causes more than 200,000 deaths of children worldwide each year. A) negative (-) strand single-stranded RNA B) double-stranded RNA D) positive (+) strand single-stranded RNA C) single-stranded DNAarrow_forwardFor fungal organism to be considered a "true" or "primary" pathogen it would need to be able to: Be completely nontreatable with antimicrobial agents Cause illness Invade an grow in a healthy, non-compromised host Be a member of the Candida genusarrow_forwardMention microbial infections and most people think of hospitals, not summer camp. But being outdoors in the sunshine and fresh air is not without risk. In June 2012, a camp counselor in Omaha, Nebraska, was diagnosed with histoplasmosis, a fungal infection with symptoms similar to pneumonia: fever, headache, and respiratory distress. Although most people suffering from histoplasmosis will recover without medical treatment, the very young, very old, and people with chronic lung conditions are at greater risk for developing severe disease, which may on rare occasions prove fatal. In areas of the eastern and central United States, where Histoplasma capsulatum is endemic, dirt contaminated with bird and bat guano often contains spores of the fungus. Disturbing such contaminated dirt is a known risk factor for developing the disease. Because the sick camp counselor was one of 32 that worked at the camp, and the camp served 797 children, the Douglas County Department of Health (DCDH) and the…arrow_forward
- An outbreak of a vector borne disease along a river system in centrla Uganda has been identified, triggering a national alert. Patients present with complex neurological symptoms and flagellated parasites have been isolated from local animals. Based on the above information, what pathogen do you suspect might be the cause? And why? To control the outbreak, what treatments and interventions would be the most effective?arrow_forwardIn 1971, Dr. Akira Endo, working at the Sankyo company in Tokyo speculated that fungi not only contained antibiotics but also inhibitors of other processes such as cholesterol metabolism. Over a period of several years, he screened more than 6,000 fungal cultures until a positive result emerged. This compound, which was named compactin, came from the blue-green mold Penicillium citrinum Pen-5 that was isolated from a rice sample collected at a grain shop in Kyoto. Based on biochemical assays, compactin is the first known statin. 1. The original kinetics data for compactin inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase enzyme that was published by Dr. Endo in 1976 is shown on the right. a) Determine the Km and Vmax values for enzymatic activity. Do NOT forget the units. Answers can be expressed either as a fraction or in decimals. With No inhibitor: ; Vmax= -60 1/V, (nanomoles/min)-1 0.4 0.35+ 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 -40 -20 0 + 24 nM compactin + 70 nM compactin None T 20 40 60 1/[HMG-CoA], (mM)-1…arrow_forwardA 38 year-old woman went to a hospital and complained of a non-productive cough and dyspnea, which has progressed over two weeks. Based on physical examination, she was pale, diaphoretic and in acute respiratory distress. According to her, she had a sexual contact with his partner for the past weeks. The physician ordered laboratory tests and results revealed that the CD4 count was significantly low. What fungal complications the patient may develop and why?arrow_forward
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