College Physics: A Strategic Approach (4th Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780134609034
Author: Randall D. Knight (Professor Emeritus), Brian Jones, Stuart Field
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 23, Problem 84GP
The giant axon of a squid is 0.5 mm in diameter, 10 cm long, and not myelinated. Unmyelinated cell membranes behave as capacitors with 1μF of capacitance per square centimeter of membrane area. When the axon is charged to the–70 mV resting potential, what is the energy stored in this capacitance?
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The giant axon of a squid is 0.5 mm in diameter, 10 cm long, and not myelinated. Unmyelinated cell membranes behave as capacitors with 1 μF of capacitance per square centimeter of membrane area. When the axon is charged to the -70 mV resting potential, what is the energy stored in this capacitance?
6. The giant axon of a squid is 0.5 mm in diameter, 10 cm long, and not myelinated. Unmycli-
nated cell membranes behave as capacitors with 1 μF of capacitance per square centimeter
of membrane area. When the axon is charged to the -70 mV resting potential, what is the
energy stored in this capacitance?
Please help.
The nonpolar core of the membrane of a muscle cell has a thickness d = 4nm and a dielectric constancy k = 20. (a) What is the surface capacity of the membrane? Express your response in microcoulombs per square centimeter. (b) During muscle contraction, the internal potential of the cell increases by about 100 mV. For 1 cm2 of membrane, how many Na+ ions must have entered the cell for this purpose? (c) The medium outside the cell initially contains 0.150 mol / L of Na + ions in solution. Considering that it extends to 1 µm from the cell, what is the decrease in Na+ concentration immediately after the change in potential? (d) Estimate the number of times the process can be repeated before the Na+ ion reserve is exhausted.
Please show formulas ans steps for my own understanding
Chapter 23 Solutions
College Physics: A Strategic Approach (4th Edition)
Ch. 23 - Prob. 1CQCh. 23 - Prob. 2CQCh. 23 - Current Iin flows into three resistors connected...Ch. 23 - The circuit in Figure Q23.4 has two resistors,...Ch. 23 - The circuit in Figure Q23.5 has a battery and two...Ch. 23 - Prob. 6CQCh. 23 - Prob. 7CQCh. 23 - In the circuit shown in Figure Q23.6, bulbs A and...Ch. 23 - Figure Q23.7 shows two circuits. The two batteries...Ch. 23 - Figure Q23.8 shows two circuits. The two batteries...
Ch. 23 - a. In Figure Q23.9, what fraction of current I...Ch. 23 - Prob. 12CQCh. 23 - Prob. 13CQCh. 23 - Prob. 14CQCh. 23 - Prob. 15CQCh. 23 - Prob. 16CQCh. 23 - Prob. 17CQCh. 23 - Prob. 18CQCh. 23 - Prob. 19CQCh. 23 - Prob. 20CQCh. 23 - Prob. 21CQCh. 23 - Prob. 22CQCh. 23 - Prob. 23CQCh. 23 - Prob. 24CQCh. 23 - Prob. 25CQCh. 23 - Prob. 26CQCh. 23 - Prob. 27CQCh. 23 - Prob. 28CQCh. 23 - Prob. 29CQCh. 23 - A device to make an electrical measurement of skin...Ch. 23 - Consider the model of nerve conduction in...Ch. 23 - Adding a myelin sheath to an axon results in...Ch. 23 - Prob. 34MCQCh. 23 - Prob. 35MCQCh. 23 - Prob. 36MCQCh. 23 - A metal wire of resistance R is cut into two...Ch. 23 - Prob. 38MCQCh. 23 - Prob. 39MCQCh. 23 - If a cells membrane thickness doubles but the cell...Ch. 23 - If a cells diameter is reduced by 50% without...Ch. 23 - Prob. 42MCQCh. 23 - Draw a circuit diagram tor the circuit of Figure...Ch. 23 - Draw a circuit diagram for the circuit of Figure...Ch. 23 - Draw a circuit diagram for the circuit of Figure...Ch. 23 - In Figure P23.4, what is the current in the wire...Ch. 23 - Prob. 5PCh. 23 - Prob. 6PCh. 23 - a. What are the magnitude and direction of the...Ch. 23 - Prob. 8PCh. 23 - The current in a circuit with only one battery is...Ch. 23 - What is the equivalent resistance of each group of...Ch. 23 - What is the equivalent resistance of each group of...Ch. 23 - Prob. 12PCh. 23 - Prob. 13PCh. 23 - You have a collection of 1.0 k resistors. How can...Ch. 23 - You have a collection of six 1.0 k resistors. What...Ch. 23 - You have six 1.0 k resistors. How can you connect...Ch. 23 - Prob. 17PCh. 23 - Prob. 18PCh. 23 - Prob. 19PCh. 23 - Prob. 20PCh. 23 - Prob. 21PCh. 23 - Prob. 22PCh. 23 - Prob. 23PCh. 23 - Prob. 24PCh. 23 - Prob. 25PCh. 23 - Prob. 26PCh. 23 - Prob. 27PCh. 23 - Prob. 28PCh. 23 - Prob. 29PCh. 23 - Prob. 30PCh. 23 - Prob. 31PCh. 23 - Prob. 32PCh. 23 - Prob. 33PCh. 23 - Prob. 34PCh. 23 - Prob. 35PCh. 23 - A 6.0 F capacitor, a 10 F capacitor, and a 16 F...Ch. 23 - A 6.0 F capacitor, a 10 F capacitor, and a 16 F...Ch. 23 - You need a capacitance of 50 F, but you dont...Ch. 23 - You need a capacitance of 50 F, but you dont...Ch. 23 - Prob. 40PCh. 23 - Prob. 41PCh. 23 - Prob. 42PCh. 23 - Prob. 43PCh. 23 - Prob. 44PCh. 23 - Prob. 45PCh. 23 - Prob. 46PCh. 23 - A 10F capacitor initially charged to 20C is...Ch. 23 - A capacitor charging circuit consists of a...Ch. 23 - Prob. 49PCh. 23 - A 9.0-nm-thick cell membrane undergoes an action...Ch. 23 - A cell membrane has a resistance and a capacitance...Ch. 23 - Changing the thickness of the myelin sheath...Ch. 23 - A particular myelinated axon has nodes spaced 0.80...Ch. 23 - To measure signal propagation in a nerve in the...Ch. 23 - A myelinated axon conducts nerve impulses at a...Ch. 23 - Prob. 56GPCh. 23 - Two 75 W (120 V) lightbulbs are wired in series,...Ch. 23 - Prob. 58GPCh. 23 - A real battery is not just an emf. We can If model...Ch. 23 - Prob. 60GPCh. 23 - Batteries are recharged by connecting them to a...Ch. 23 - Prob. 63GPCh. 23 - Prob. 64GPCh. 23 - Prob. 65GPCh. 23 - Prob. 66GPCh. 23 - What is the ratio P parallel/P series of the total...Ch. 23 - You have a device that needs a voltage reference...Ch. 23 - Prob. 69GPCh. 23 - A circuit youre building needs an ammeter that...Ch. 23 - A circuit youre building needs a voltmeter that...Ch. 23 - For the circuit shown in Figure P23.68, find the...Ch. 23 - You have three 12 F capacitors. Draw diagrams...Ch. 23 - Initially, the switch in Figure P23.70 is in...Ch. 23 - Prob. 75GPCh. 23 - Prob. 76GPCh. 23 - Prob. 77GPCh. 23 - Prob. 78GPCh. 23 - Prob. 79GPCh. 23 - Prob. 80GPCh. 23 - Intermittent windshield wipers use a variable...Ch. 23 - Prob. 82GPCh. 23 - In Example 23.14 we estimated the capacitance of...Ch. 23 - The giant axon of a squid is 0.5 mm in diameter,...Ch. 23 - A cell has a 7.0-nm-thick membrane with a total...Ch. 23 - The Defibrillator A defibrillator is designed to...Ch. 23 - The Defibrillator A defibrillator is designed to...Ch. 23 - The Defibrillator A defibrillator is designed to...Ch. 23 - A defibrillator is designed to pass a large...Ch. 23 - The voltage produced by a single nerve or muscle...Ch. 23 - The voltage produced by a single nerve or muscle...Ch. 23 - The voltage produced by a single nerve or muscle...Ch. 23 - The voltage produced by a single nerve or muscle...
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- Assume a length of axon membrane of about 0.10 m is excited by an action potential (length excited = nerve speed pulse duration = 50.0 m/s 2.0 103 s = 0.10 m). In the resting state, the outer surface of the axon wall is charged positively with K+ ions and the inner wall has an equal and opposite charge of negative organic ions, as shown in Figure P18.43. Model the axon as a parallel-plate capacitor and take C = 0A/d and Q = C V to investigate the charge as follows. Use typical values for a cylindrical axon of cell wall thickness d = 1.0 108 m, axon radius r = 1.0 101 m, and cell-wall dielectric constant = 3.0. (a) Calculate the positive charge on the outside of a 0.10-m piece of axon when it is not conducting an electric pulse. How many K+ ions are on the outside of the axon assuming an initial potential difference of 7.0 102 V? Is this a large charge per unit area? Hint: Calculate the charge per unit area in terms of electronic charge e per squared (2). An atom has a cross section of about 1 2 (1 = 1010 m). (b) How much positive charge must flow through the cell membrane to reach the excited state of + 3.0 102 V from the resting state of 7.0 102 V? How many sodium ions (Na+) is this? (c) If it takes 2.0 ms for the Na+ ions to enter the axon, what is the average current in the axon wall in this process? (d) How much energy does it take to raise the potential of the inner axon wall to + 3.0 102 V, starting from the resting potential of 7.0 102 V? Figure P18.43 Problem 43 and 44.arrow_forwardA pair of capacitors with capacitances CA = 3.70 F and CB = 6.40 F are connected in a network. What is the equivalent capacitance of the pair of capacitors if they are connected a. in parallel and b. in series?arrow_forwardIn a typical mammalian cell, the net transport by the sodiumpotassium exchange pump that maintains the 70 mV membrane potential is 500 singly charged ions per second. How much work does the pump do each second?arrow_forward
- An axon is the relatively long tail-like part of a neuron, or nerve cell. The outer surface of the axon membrane (dielectric constant = 5, thickness = 1 × 10^–8 m) is charged positively, and the inner portion is charged negatively. Thus, the membrane is a kind of capacitor. If the membrane acts like a parallel plate capacitor with a plate area of 5 × 10^–6 m^2, what is its capacitance?arrow_forwardAn axon is the relatively long tail-like part of a neuron. The outer surface of the axon membrane (dielectric constant = 5, thickness = 1 x108 m) is charged positively, and the inner portion is charged negatively. Thus, the membrane is a kind of capacitor. Assuming that an axon can be treated like a parallel plate capacitor with a plate area of 5 x 10° m², what is its capacitance?arrow_forwardIn Example 23.14 we estimated the capacitance of the cell membrane to be 89 pF, and in Example 23.15 we found that approximately 10,000 Na+ ions flow through an ion channel when it opens. Based on this information and what you learned about the action potential, estimate the total number of sodium channels in the membrane of a nerve cell.arrow_forward
- An axon is the relatively long tail-like part of a neuron. The outer surface of the axon membrane (dielectric constant = 5, thickness = 1 x10-8 m) is charged positively, and the inner portion is charged negatively. Thus, the membrane is a kind of capacitor. Assuming that an axon can be treated like a parallel plate capacitor with a plate area of 5 x 10-6 m², what is its capacitance? bodyarrow_forwardEvery cell in the body has organelles called mitochondria that can generate a voltage difference between their interior and exterior. If the capacitance of a mitochondrion is 4.0×10−11F and the potential difference between the interior and exterior is 0.18 V, how much electrical energy does it store? If a mitochondrion were to use all of its stored electrical energy to produce ATP molecules, and each ATP molecule requires 9.5×10−20J, how many molecules could it produce? (In reality, ATP molecules are produced by the flow of protons caused by the proton motive force, and not by the direct conversion of electrical energy stored by the capacitance of mitochondria.)arrow_forwardNerve cells in your body can be electrically stimulated; a large enough change in a membrane potential triggers a nerve impulse. Certain plants work the same way. A touch to mimosa pudica, the “sensitive plant,” causes the leaflets to fold inward and droop. We can trigger this response electrically as well. In one experiment, investigators placed electrodes on the thick tissue at the base of a leaf. The electrodes were 3.5 mm apart. When the electrodes were connected to a 47 μF capacitor charged to 1.5 V, this stimulated a response from the plant.a. Eventually, all the charge on the capacitor was transferred to the plant. How much charge was transferred?b. What was the approximate electric field between the electrodes?arrow_forward
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