Campbell Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135188743
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 23, Problem 3TYU
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Gene variability can be defined as the difference in DNA sequence of a gene. It can be quantified as average heterozygous loci percentage present on the locus. Whereas, the
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You are a scientist studying a population of beetles. Beetle color is controlled by two alleles at a single
genetic locus. AA beetles are blue, Aa purple, and aa pink. You count 30 blue beetles, 10 purple
beetles, and 40 pink beetles.
a) What is the frequency of the A allele? [ Select ]
b) What is the observed frequency of the Aa genotype? 1 Select ]
c) Under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the expected frequency of the aa gentoype?
[ Select ]
d) Is this beetle population evolving? I Select ]
The agouti gene determines coat colour in mice. Heterozygous mice have yellow coats, while homozygous dominant mice have black coats. However, having two copies of the recessive alleles is lethal. In a population of 2 000 mice, 1 082 mice have black coats.
a) Calculate the frequency of each allele. Show all your work and express your answer as a value between 0 and 1 rounded to two decimal places.
b) What percentage of the mouse population is expected to be carriers of the lethal allele? Show all your work and express your answer rounded to one decimal place.
c) How many mice will die during fetal development? Show all your work and round your answer to the closest whole number.
If 120 of 200 alleles are dominant alleles, then what percentage of the alleles are dominant alleles?
A-12%
B-40%
C-60%
D-120%
What percentage of the alleles are recessive alleles?
E-8%
F-40%
G-60%
H-80%
Which of the terms of the Hardy-Weinberg equations represents the frequency of the recessive allele in the gene pool?
A-p^2
B-p
C-2pq
D-q^2
Chapter 23 Solutions
Campbell Biology
Ch. 23.1 - Explain why genetic Variation within a population...Ch. 23.1 - Ot all the mutations that occur in a population,...Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 23.2 - A population has 700 individuals, 85 of genotype...Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 23.2 - WHAT IF? A locus that affects susceptibility to a...Ch. 23.3 - In what sense is natural selection more...Ch. 23.3 - Distinguish genetic draft from gene flow in terms...Ch. 23.3 - WH AT IF? Suppose two plant populations exchange...Ch. 23.4 - What is the relative fitness of a sterile mule?...
Ch. 23.4 - Explain why natural selection is the only...Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 23 - Typically. most of the nucleotide variabillity...Ch. 23 - Is it circular reasoning to calculate p ond q from...Ch. 23 - Would two small, geographically isolated...Ch. 23 - How might secondary sex characteristics in males...Ch. 23 - Natural selection changes allele frequencies...Ch. 23 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 23 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 23 - There are 25 individuals in population 1, all with...Ch. 23 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 23 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Using at least two examples,...Ch. 23 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY INTERPRET THE DATA Researchers...Ch. 23 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 23 - SYNTHESI2E YOUR KNOWLEDGE This kettle lake forracd...
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- A population consists of 7 mice. For the coat color trait, there are only two alleles: brown (B) and white (b). BB and Bb mice are brown; bb mice are white. In the population's gene pool, there are 7 white alleles (b). a) What is the frequency of the brown allele in the population? Select) b) What do you predict the frequency of the bb genotype will be in the next generation if no evolution takes place in the population? I Select | c) The mice live on dark black, volcanic rocks in the Arizona desert and two hawks are introduced into the area as part of wildlife rehabilitation program. You sample the mouse population after the hawk reintroduction and find the following numbers: 24 BB mice, 52 Bb mice, 24 bb mice. Has natural selection by the hawks caused the population to evolve significantly? I Select]arrow_forwardbackground: Lizards often have bright coloration and in some species there is variation in coloration within populations. For the sake of simplicity, let’s assume that color is genetically determined by a single gene with two alleles that interact in a codominant fashion: r+r+ = red, r+r- = yellow, r-r- = white. Imagine there is a large population of these lizards where 1 in 200 lizards have the white coloration, 30 are yellow and the rest are red. A tsunami sweeps through the population! Although no lizards died, 10 random lizards were swept to a nearby island. One of these individuals is white while the rest were yellow. Over time, these individuals remain stuck on the island and form a new population. Eventually, 80% of this population has the white coloration. Assume that color does not affect fitness in either population. question: At the time of the founding of the smaller population, (when 1/10 were white, the rest yellow), what was the chance of fixation of the r- allele via…arrow_forwardSuppose that frequency of a recessive phenotype, white fur color, is about 0.16 (16%) in the local squirrel population. a) What is the frequency of the recessive allele (w)? b) What is the frequency of the dominant allele (W)? c) What percentage of the local squirrel population are not white, but are carriers of the recessive white allele? A/ A/arrow_forward
- A mountain region has a population of 5,000 mountain goats. You score these animals for the R locus and find that this locus has two alleles, R (dominant) and r (recessive). 3200 individuals are homozygous dominant, 1,600 are heterozygous, and 200 are homozygous recessive. a) Calculate the allele frequencies for this population. Show your work. b) Calculate the observed genotypic frequencies for this population. Show your work. c) Calculate the expected genotype frequencies if the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Show your work. d) Does this population appear to be at H-W equilibrium? Why or why not? (You do not need to analyze this statistically).arrow_forwardThe MN blood group is of interest to population geneticists because (a) people with genotype MN cannot receive blood transfusions from either MM or NN people (b) the MM, MN, and NN genotype frequencies can be observed directly and compared with calculated expected frequencies (c) the M allele is dominant to the N allele (d) people with the MN genotype exhibit frequency-dependent selection (e) people with the MN genotype exhibit heterozygote advantagearrow_forwardThe genetic composition of a population is 40 homozygous dominant (RR), 360 heterozygotes (Rr) and 600 homozygous recessive (rr). What is the observed frequency of the homozygous dominant individuals? [ Select] What is the observed frequency of the "r" allele? [ Select ] What is the expected frequency of the heterozygous genotype? [ Select ] If the Chi-squared value for this system is 2.40, is the population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? Why? (note: the critical values for this test is 3.84), [Select ]arrow_forward
- In domestic cats, the allele for short hair (L) is dominant and the allele for long hair (I) is recessive. You are studying a population of cats found on Iwato Island and have determined that the frequency of the recessive long hair allele is q = 0.3. A) What is the frequency of the dominant allele for short hair? p = B) What is the predicted percentage of cats who have heterozygous genotypes? • C) What predicted percentage of cats on this island will have long hair phenotypes? • D) Describe one condition that could change the allele frequencies (the values of p and q) in a population.arrow_forward2) The year is 2050. The climate has continued to warm. Areas in northern Canada and Alaska are without snow or ice; the average annual temperature has risen and previously snow-covered areas are now shrub land and some temperate forests. What effect would such a climatic change have on the gene pool of the rabbits? All BUT ONE could apply. A) The allelic frequency has most likely shifted to 85% GG and 15% gg. B) The dominant allele in the gene pool would become G, the previously rare allele. C) The allele for white, g, would be scarce and perhaps nonexistent in the population. D) White rabbits would be at a disadvantage in terms of camouflage and would likely fall prey to predators.arrow_forwardIf the albino phenotype occurs in 1/10,000 individuals in a population at equilibrium and albinism is caused by an autosomal recessive allele a, calculate the frequency of: (a) The recessive mutant allele (b) The normal dominant allele (c) Heterozygotes in the population (d) Mating between heterozygotesarrow_forward
- A population consist of 7 mice. For the coat trait, there are only two alleles: brown B and white (b). BB and Bb mice are brown; bb mice are white. In the population's gene pool, there are 7 white alleles(b). a) what is the frequency of the brown allel in the population? b) what do you predict the frequency of the bb genotype will be in the next generation if no evolution takes place in the population?arrow_forwardThe fraggles are a population of mythical, mouselike creatures that live in underground tunnels and chambers beneath a large vegetable garden that supplies their food. They can reproduce VERY quickly! Of the fraggles currently in this population, 372 have green fur and 182 have gray fur. Green fur is controlled by a dominant allele F and gray fur by a recessive allele f. d) How many fraggles are homozygous recessive (ff)? e) How many fraggles are homozygous dominant (FF)?arrow_forwardImagine a locus with two alleles. Mutation at this locus changes one allele to the other (i.e. it does not create a new allele). If the rate of mutation from allele 1 to allele 2 is 0.00005 and the rate of mutation from allele 2 to allele 1 is 0.01, what is the equilibrium frequency of allele 2 (Give your answer to 5 decimal places)?arrow_forward
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