The structures for the seven isomers which have molecular formula C 3 H 4 Cl 2 has to be drawn. The systematic name for each isomer has to be written. Concept introduction: Alkenes are the hydrocarbons which have a genral molecular formula C n H 2n . Alkenes are consist of double bond (one pi bond) due to which they are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. Alkenes can show two type of isomerism,(1) Geometrical Isomerism (2) Structural Isomerism. (1) Geometrical Isomerism: This type of isomerism in case of alkenes is known as cis-trans isomerism. When two same group or have similar priority present opposite side of double bond then isomer is known as trans isomer, and if both are present same side of the double bond then isomer is called as cis isomer. (2) Structural Isomerism: Structural Isomers are the structure of a molecule with same molecular formula but have different arrangements of bonds and atoms and position of double bond also changes from more substituted to less substituted or vice-versa. The systematic name has -ene in the suffix of the parent name of the longest carbon atoms chain.

Question

There are seven possible dichloropropene isomers (molecular formula C3H4Cl2). Draw their structures and name each isomer. (Hint: Don't over-look cis-trans isomers.)

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 23, Problem 28PS

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The structures for the seven isomers which have molecular formula C3H4Cl2 has to be drawn. The systematic name for each isomer has to be written.

Concept introduction:

Alkenes are the hydrocarbons which have a genral molecular formula CnH2n. Alkenes are consist of double bond (one pi bond) due to which they are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. Alkenes can show two type of isomerism,(1) Geometrical Isomerism (2) Structural Isomerism.

(1) Geometrical Isomerism: This type of isomerism in case of alkenes is known as cis-trans isomerism. When two same group or have similar priority present opposite side of double bond then isomer is known as trans isomer, and if both are present same side of the double bond then isomer is called as cis isomer.

(2) Structural Isomerism: Structural Isomers are the structure of a molecule with same molecular formula but have different arrangements of bonds and atoms and position of double bond also changes from more substituted to less substituted or vice-versa.

The systematic name has -ene in the suffix of the parent name of the longest carbon atoms chain.

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There are seven possible dichloropropene isomers (molecular formula C3H4Cl2). Draw their structures and name each isomer. (Hint: Don't over-look cis-trans isomers.)

Draw the Lewis structure of acetic acid, CH3CO2H, clearly indicating all non-bonding pairs of electrons. Even though nitrogen and phosphorus have the same number of valence electrons, nitrogen can only bond to chlorine four times forming NCl4+ but phosphorus can bond with chlorine five times forming PCl5. Explain. Draw all the isomers of C4H9Br, using bond-line formulas. Draw the Lewis structure of the nitrite ion, NO2–, clearly indicating resonance contributors as well as non-bonding pairs of electrons and formal charges, as relevant. Nitromethane is a polar molecule but contains 2 equal polar covalent bonds. Briefly explain why and draw a relevant 3-dimensional structure to show the overall dipole moment of the molecule. Draw all isomers of C6H12O that are aldehydes.

A. Structural Isomerism of Alkanes Construct models for the five alkanes that have the molecular formula C6H14. All five of your models should have the same number of each type of atom, but they should have the atoms connected in a different order. Thus the molecules they represent are structural isomers of one another. Note the tetrahedral geometry of each carbon atom. Draw an extended and a condensed structure (NOT skeletal/line angle) of each structural isomer, then determine its IUPAC name. Recall that since the IUPAC name specifies the number of each type of atom and how they are connected, each structural isomer will have a different name. Each name should very specifically describe the structure. Isomer 1: Extended Structure Isomer 1: Condensed Structure IUPAC Name: IUPAC Name: Isomer 2: Extended Structure Isomer 2: Condensed Structure

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 23, Problem 28PS

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The structures for the seven isomers which have molecular formula C3H4Cl2 has to be drawn. The systematic name for each isomer has to be written.

Concept introduction:

Alkenes are the hydrocarbons which have a genral molecular formula CnH2n. Alkenes are consist of double bond (one pi bond) due to which they are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. Alkenes can show two type of isomerism,(1) Geometrical Isomerism (2) Structural Isomerism.

(1) Geometrical Isomerism: This type of isomerism in case of alkenes is known as cis-trans isomerism. When two same group or have similar priority present opposite side of double bond then isomer is known as trans isomer, and if both are present same side of the double bond then isomer is called as cis isomer.

(2) Structural Isomerism: Structural Isomers are the structure of a molecule with same molecular formula but have different arrangements of bonds and atoms and position of double bond also changes from more substituted to less substituted or vice-versa.

The systematic name has -ene in the suffix of the parent name of the longest carbon atoms chain.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 23, Problem 28PS

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The structures for the seven isomers which have molecular formula C3H4Cl2 has to be drawn. The systematic name for each isomer has to be written.

Concept introduction:

Alkenes are the hydrocarbons which have a genral molecular formula CnH2n. Alkenes are consist of double bond (one pi bond) due to which they are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. Alkenes can show two type of isomerism,(1) Geometrical Isomerism (2) Structural Isomerism.

(1) Geometrical Isomerism: This type of isomerism in case of alkenes is known as cis-trans isomerism. When two same group or have similar priority present opposite side of double bond then isomer is known as trans isomer, and if both are present same side of the double bond then isomer is called as cis isomer.

(2) Structural Isomerism: Structural Isomers are the structure of a molecule with same molecular formula but have different arrangements of bonds and atoms and position of double bond also changes from more substituted to less substituted or vice-versa.

The systematic name has -ene in the suffix of the parent name of the longest carbon atoms chain.

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Answer 4

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Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 23, Problem 28PS

Interpretation Introduction