CHEMISTRY >CUSTOM<
CHEMISTRY >CUSTOM<
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781309097182
Author: SILBERBERG
Publisher: MCG/CREATE
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Chapter 23, Problem 23.120P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The wavelength of maximum absorption and the crystal field splitting energy have to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Crystal field splitting: The energy gap between the splitting of d-orbitals of the metal ion in presence of ligands is known as the crystal field splitting (Δ).  The magnitude of (Δ) is depends on the nature of metal ions and the ligands.

The fact that colour depends on the ligand allows us to create a spectrochemical series, which ranks the ability of a ligand to split d-orbital energies.

The relative magnitude of Δ for a series of octahedral complexes of a given metal ion.  As Δ increases, higher energies (shorter wavelengths) of light must be absorbed to excite electrons.

The spectrochemical series is

  I<Cl<F<OH<H2O<SCN<en<NO2<CN<CO

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

[Cr(H2O)6]3+562nmE=hcλ=(6.626×10-34J·s)(3.00×108m/s)562nm(1nm10-9m)(6.022×1023mol)(1kJ103J)=212.99878=213kJ/mol

[Cr(CN)6]3-381nmE=hcλ=(6.626×10-34J·s)(3.00×108m/s)381nm(1nm10-9m)(6.022×1023mol)(1kJ103J)=314.187=314kJ/mol

[Cr(Cl)6]3-735nmE=hcλ=(6.626×10-34J·s)(3.00×108m/s)735nm(1nm10-9m)(6.022×1023mol)(1kJ103J)=162.864=163kJ/mol

[Cr(NH3)6]3+462nmE=hcλ=(6.626×10-34J·s)(3.00×108m/s)462nm(1nm10-9m)(6.022×1023mol)(1kJ103J)=259.1024=259kJ/mol

[Ir(NH3)6]3+244nmE=hcλ=(6.626×10-34J·s)(3.00×108m/s)244nm(1nm10-9m)(6.022×1023mol)(1kJ103J)=490.5955=491kJ/mol

[Fe(H2O)6]2+966nmE=hcλ=(6.626×10-34J·s)(3.00×108m/s)966nm(1nm10-9m)(6.022×1023mol)(1kJ103J)=123.9185=124kJ/mol

[Fe(H2O)6]2+730nmE=hcλ=(6.626×10-34J·s)(3.00×108m/s)730nm(1nm10-9m)(6.022×1023mol)(1kJ103J)=163.9798=164kJ/mol

[Co(H2O)6]2+405nmE=hcλ=(6.626×10-34J·s)(3.00×108m/s)405nm(1nm10-9m)(6.022×1023mol)(1kJ103J)=296.5686=296kJ/mol

[Rh(NH3)6]3+295nmE=hcλ=(6.626×10-34J·s)(3.00×108m/s)295nm(1nm10-9m)(6.022×1023mol)(1kJ103J)=405.7807=406kJ/mol

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The spectrochemical series for the ligand in the Chromium complex has to be written.

Concept introduction:

The fact that colour depends on the ligand allows us to create a spectrochemical series, which ranks the ability of a ligand to split d-orbital energies.

The relative magnitude of Δ for a series of octahedral complexes of a given metal ion.  As Δ increases, higher energies (shorter wavelengths) of light must be absorbed to excite electrons.

The spectrochemical series is

  I<Cl<F<OH<H2O<SCN<en<NO2<CN<CO

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

Comparing the energies of the chromium complexes, we find the energy increases in the order:

Cl< H2O < NH3 < CN

This is an abbreviated spectrochemical series.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The Iron data is affect the oxidation state has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation number: (Oxidation state) A number equal to the magnitude of the charge an atom would have if its shared electrons were transferred to the atom that attracts them more strongly.

The spectrochemical series is

  I<Cl<F<OH<H2O<SCN<en<NO2<CN<CO

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

The higher the oxidation number the greater the crystal field splitting (Δ).

  (Fe3+ vs. Fe2+)Fe2+=3d64s0eg2andt2g4=-0.4ΔoFe3+=3d54s0Fe3+eg2andt2g3=0Δo

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The Cobalt, Rhodium and Iron atom affect the periodic number has to be discussed.

Concept introduction:

The fact that colour depends on the ligand allows us to create a spectrochemical series, which ranks the ability of a ligand to split d-orbital energies.

The relative magnitude of Δ for a series of octahedral complexes of a given metal ion.  As Δ increases, higher energies (shorter wavelengths) of light must be absorbed to excite electrons.

The spectrochemical series is

  I<Cl<F<OH<H2O<SCN<en<NO2<CN<CO

(d)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

When moving down a column on the periodic table, in this case from Co to Rh to Ir, the greater the energy required, the greater the crystal field splitting (Δ).

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Chapter 23 Solutions

CHEMISTRY >CUSTOM<

Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 23.6AFPCh. 23.4 - Prob. 23.6BFPCh. 23.4 - Prob. 23.7AFPCh. 23.4 - Prob. 23.7BFPCh. 23.4 - Prob. B23.1PCh. 23.4 - Prob. B23.2PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.1PCh. 23 - Write the general electron configuration of a...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.3PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.4PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.5PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.6PCh. 23 - (a) What is the range in electronegativity across...Ch. 23 - (a) Explain the major difference between the...Ch. 23 - (a) What behavior distinguishes paramagnetic and...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.10PCh. 23 - Using the periodic table to locate each element,...Ch. 23 - Using the periodic table to locate each element,...Ch. 23 - Using the periodic table to locate each element,...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.14PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.15PCh. 23 - What is the highest oxidation state for (a) Ta;...Ch. 23 - What is the highest oxidation state for (a) Nb;...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.18PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.19PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.20PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.21PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.22PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.23PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.24PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.25PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.26PCh. 23 - What atomic property of the lanthanides leads to...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.28PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.29PCh. 23 - Give the electron configuration of (a) La; (b)...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.31PCh. 23 - Only a few lanthanides show an oxidation state...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.33PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.34PCh. 23 - Describe the makeup of a complex ion, including...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.36PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.37PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.38PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.39PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.40PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.41PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.42PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.43PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.44PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.45PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.46PCh. 23 - What are the charge and coordination number of the...Ch. 23 - What are the charge and coordination number of the...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.49PCh. 23 - Give systematic names for the following...Ch. 23 - What are the charge and coordination number of the...Ch. 23 - What are the charge and coordination number of the...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.53PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.54PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.55PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.56PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.57PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.58PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.59PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.60PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.61PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.62PCh. 23 - For any of the following that can exist as...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.64PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.65PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.66PCh. 23 - Chromium(III), like cobalt(III), has a...Ch. 23 - When MCl4(NH3)2 is dissolved in water and treated...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.69PCh. 23 - What is a coordinate covalent bond? Is such a...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.71PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.72PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.73PCh. 23 - In terms of the theory of color absorption,...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.75PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.76PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.77PCh. 23 - How do the relative magnitudes of Epairing and Δ...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.79PCh. 23 - Give the number of d electrons (n of dn) for the...Ch. 23 - Give the number of d electrons (n of dn) for the...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.82PCh. 23 - How many d electrons (n of dn) are in the central...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.84PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.85PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.86PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.87PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.88PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.89PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.90PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.91PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.92PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.93PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.94PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.95PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.96PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.97PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.98PCh. 23 - When neptunium (Np) and plutonium (Pu) were...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.100PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.101PCh. 23 - For the compound [Co(en)2Cl2]Cl, give: The...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.103PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.104PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.105PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.106PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.107PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.108PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.109PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.110PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.111PCh. 23 - The actinides Pa, U, and Np form a series of...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.113PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.114PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.115PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.116PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.117PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.118PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.119PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.120PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.121PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.122P
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