Loose Leaf For Integrated Principles Of Zoology
18th Edition
ISBN: 9781260411140
Author: Cleveland P Hickman Jr. Emeritus, Susan L. Keen, David J Eisenhour Professor PhD, Allan Larson, Helen I'Anson Associate Professor of Biology
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 23, Problem 10RQ
Summary Introduction
To determine: The hypothesis by Garstang that evaluates the validity of recent phylogenetic, fossil, and developmental data with respect to tunicates and vertebrates.
Introduction: The chordates share a large number of characteristics with the deuterostomes that indicates the origin of the chordates from the deuterostomes. The features common to both deuterostomes and chordates include the presence of radial cleavage, and the first embryonic opening forming the anus.
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Amphioxus long has been of interest to zoologists searching for a vertebrate ancestor. Explain why amphioxus captured such interest and how it is different from the hypothesized most recent common ancestor of all vertebrates.
(6a) Please draw a phylogeny that shows relationships between the following groups:
Haikouicthys
Ostracoderms
Chimaeras
Hagfishes
Lancelets
Lampreys
Placoderms
Tunicates
Sharks
Bony Fishes
(6b) Onto this phylogeny, please place the following traits. You may have a trait evolve more than once or be lost in some groups after evolving, but the final trait placements should correctly reflect which groups are known to have the trait in question
Jaws
Buccopharyngeal pumping
Internal fertilization
Mineralized tissue
Pelvic claspers in males
Hyostylic jaw articulation
Lateral line system
Cartilaginous endoskeleton
Hox Gene Duplication
Two nostrils
(6c) For three of these traits, please explain how you arrived at this placement.
Explain how a cladistic classification for the vertebrates produces important regroupings of the traditional vertebrate taxa (refer to Figure 23.2). Why are Agnatha and Reptilia, as traditionally recognized, inconsistent with cladistic principles?
Chapter 23 Solutions
Loose Leaf For Integrated Principles Of Zoology
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- Explain the significance of the discovery of Archaeopteryx. Why did this fossil demonstrate beyond reasonable doubt that birds are grouped phylogenetically with dinosaurs?arrow_forwardMammals belong to a group of amniotes known as synapsids. Three major lineages of mammals had emerged by the early Cretaceous period. In a tabulated form, compare these three lineages to illustrate their diversity in terms of: a. Embryonic developmen, b. How the young are fed and c. Period of gestationarrow_forwardPharyngeal slits are which of the following? Question 24 options: a) Openings in the pharynx. In aquatic chordates they allow for exit of water that enters the mouth. b) Elongations of the posterior portion of the body. Use for locomotion in fish, or balance in some terrestrial vertebrates. c) Flexible, rod-shaped structures that grows from mesoderm. Gives support to an animal in embryonic development of chordates or for entire life depending on the species. d) Tissues that produces thyroid type hormones. e) Hollow tubes that develops from ectoderm. Develops into the central nervous system.arrow_forward
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