HUMAN ANATOMY
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781260210262
Author: SALADIN
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Chapter 2.2, Problem 5BYGO
Summary Introduction
To analyze:
The substance that can enter the cell membrane by direct transport and channel proteins.
Introduction:
The proteins are made of amino acids. The amino acids are of 20 types that combine in a varied manner to form proteins. The amino acids join together by peptide bonds. Proteins act as major substrates and reactants for the
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The uneven distribution of ions across the plasma membrane is regulated, in part, by transport proteins. The result is a net negative charge on the inside of the plasma membrane and a net positive charge on the outside of the plasma membrane. How doyou explain the net negative charge inside the plasma membrane when the predominant intracellular ion is K+?
What is the correct order of permeability for the following four substances across a pure phosopholipid bilayer?
O2 > Na+ > ATP > ethanol
Na+ > ATP > O2 > ethanol
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Why are ion channels necessary to transport ions into or out of a cell?
Chapter 2 Solutions
HUMAN ANATOMY
Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 1AWYKCh. 2.1 - Prob. 1BYGOCh. 2.1 - Prob. 2BYGOCh. 2.1 - Prob. 3BYGOCh. 2.1 - Answer the following questions to test your...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 1AWYKCh. 2.2 - Prob. 2AWYKCh. 2.2 - Prob. 5BYGOCh. 2.2 - Compare the structure and function of...Ch. 2.2 - What membrane transport processes get all the...
Ch. 2.2 - Identify several reasons why the glycocalyx is...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 9BYGOCh. 2.2 - Prob. 10BYGOCh. 2.3 - Not all genetic diseases are hereditary. Explain...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 11BYGOCh. 2.3 - Prob. 12BYGOCh. 2.3 - Prob. 13BYGOCh. 2.3 - What three organelles are involved in protein...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 15BYGOCh. 2.4 - State what occurs in each of the four phases of...Ch. 2.4 - Prob. 17BYGOCh. 2.4 - Prob. 18BYGOCh. 2.4 - Prob. 19BYGOCh. 2.4 - Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of adult...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.1.1AYLOCh. 2 - How the light microscope transmission electron...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.1.3AYLOCh. 2 - The distinction between the basal, apical, and...Ch. 2 - The size of a micrometer and some common and...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.1.6AYLOCh. 2 - The meanings of plasma membrane, cytoplasm,...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.1.8AYLOCh. 2 - Prob. 2.2.1AYLOCh. 2 - Prob. 2.2.2AYLOCh. 2 - Prob. 2.2.3AYLOCh. 2 - Prob. 2.2.4AYLOCh. 2 - The diverse physiological roles of membrane...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.2.6AYLOCh. 2 - Prob. 2.2.7AYLOCh. 2 - Prob. 2.2.8AYLOCh. 2 - Prob. 2.2.9AYLOCh. 2 - Prob. 2.2.10AYLOCh. 2 - Prob. 2.2.11AYLOCh. 2 - The three components of the cytoskeleton, and how...Ch. 2 - Structure and function of a cell’s nucleus rough...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.3.3AYLOCh. 2 - The four stages of the cell cycle and what events...Ch. 2 - The four stages of mitosis, what events occur in...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.4.3AYLOCh. 2 - Prob. 2.4.4AYLOCh. 2 - The meaning of stem cells; their usefulness in...Ch. 2 - Prob. 1TYRCh. 2 - New nuclei form and a cell pinches in two during...Ch. 2 - Prob. 3TYRCh. 2 - Prob. 4TYRCh. 2 - Prob. 5TYRCh. 2 - Prob. 6TYRCh. 2 - Prob. 7TYRCh. 2 - Prob. 8TYRCh. 2 - Prob. 9TYRCh. 2 - Matter can leave a cell by any of the following...Ch. 2 - Prob. 11TYRCh. 2 - Prob. 12TYRCh. 2 - Prob. 13TYRCh. 2 - Prob. 14TYRCh. 2 - Prob. 15TYRCh. 2 - Prob. 16TYRCh. 2 - Prob. 17TYRCh. 2 - Prob. 18TYRCh. 2 - Prob. 19TYRCh. 2 - Prob. 20TYRCh. 2 - Prob. 1WWWTSCh. 2 - Prob. 2WWWTSCh. 2 - Prob. 3WWWTSCh. 2 - Prob. 4WWWTSCh. 2 - Briefly explain why each of the following...Ch. 2 - Prob. 6WWWTSCh. 2 - Prob. 7WWWTSCh. 2 - Prob. 8WWWTSCh. 2 - Prob. 9WWWTSCh. 2 - Briefly explain why each of the following...Ch. 2 - Prob. 1BYMVCh. 2 - Prob. 2BYMVCh. 2 - Prob. 3BYMVCh. 2 - Prob. 4BYMVCh. 2 - Prob. 5BYMVCh. 2 - Prob. 6BYMVCh. 2 - Prob. 7BYMVCh. 2 - Prob. 8BYMVCh. 2 - Prob. 9BYMVCh. 2 - State a meaning of each word element and give a...Ch. 2 - What would probably happen to the plasma membrane...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2TYCCh. 2 - Prob. 3TYCCh. 2 - Prob. 4TYCCh. 2 - Prob. 5TYC
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- Which of the following is ther eason why the potassium leaves the cell readily at the peak of the action potential?A) The sodium-potassium pumps work hard to return potassium to the extracellular fluid. B) Diffusion will continue to push potassium into the cell, but electrostatic pressure will move potassium out of the cell. C) Diffusion will push potassium out of the cell, but electrostatic pressure continues to attract potassium to the interior of the cell. D) Both diffusion and electrostatic pressure will cause potassium to exit the cell.arrow_forwardList three mediator proteins that move phospholipid molecules from one side of a membrane to the other. Why arethese proteins required?arrow_forwardAssume that a membrane permeable to Na+ but not to Cl- separates two solutions. The concentration of sodium chloride on side 1 is higher than on side 2. Which of the following ionic movements would occur? a. Na+ would move until its concentration gradient is dissipated (until the concentration of Na+ on side 2 is the same as the concentration of Na+ on side 1). b. Cl- would move down its concentration gradient from side 1 to side 2. c. A membrane potential, negative on side 1, would develop. d. A membrane potential, positive on side 1, would develop. e. None of the preceding is correct.arrow_forward
- Some antibiotics act as carriers that bind an ion on one side of a membrane, diffuse through the membrane, and release the ion on the other side. The graph shows the conductance of a lipid-bilayer membrane with a carrier antibiotic as a function of temperature. Conductance 40 39 38 Temperature (°C) 37 36 What can you conclude about the effect of a carrier antibiotic on the conductance of the lipid-bilayer membrane? A carrier antibiotic decreases the conductance of a lipid bilayer, regardless of temperature. A carrier antibiotic can shuttle ions across a membrane only when the lipid bilayer is quite rigid. A carrier antibiotic increases the conductance of a lipid bilayer, regardless of temperature. O A carrier antibiotic can shuttle ions across a membrane only when the lipid bilayer is highly fluid.arrow_forwardThere are several membrane-bound organelles in cells (e.g. nuclei, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum) that can also have ion channels in their membranes. Sketch an electrical circuit model of a cell that expresses sodium, calcium, and chloride ion channels in its cellular membrane and calcium and chloride ion channels in its nuclear envelope membrane.arrow_forwardWhat is the correct order of permeability for the following four substances across a pure phosopholipid bilayer? Ca+ > ATP > O2 > ethanol K+ > ethanol > CO2 > ATP CO2 > ethanol > K+ > GTP O2 > Ca+ > GTP > ethanolarrow_forward
- How do neutral solutes move across the plasma membrane? Can the polarmolecules also move across it in the same way? If not, then how are thesetransported across the membrane?arrow_forwardThe cytoplasm of a certain cell is composed of a solution that is 98% water, 2% solutes. Consider the solution shown in the beaker in this picture: FOOE OOS Foor solution. [Select] Cytoplasm is 98% water, 2% solutes. The solution in the beaker would be considered when compared to [Select] The plasma membrane is impermeable to solutes. Beaker solution is 98% water, 2% solutes the cell. We would expect that the cell would [Select] if it was placed in the would account for whatever changes might occur to the volume of the cytoplasm of the cell when it is placed in the solution.arrow_forwardThis graph shows the electrical charges of the cytosol at one spot along an axon or muscle cell. a) Even though the charges are the same at steps 3 and 6, explain the situation with the ions on either side of the membrane. I am not looking for a vocabulary term here, just a simple explanation in normal words. b) At step 6, this spot in the cell is not ready to conduct another action potential/impulse. What has to happen to get it ready again- and how is this done?arrow_forward
- How are transmembrane potentials maintained in a leaky membrane?arrow_forwardCells transporting substances across their membranes is essential. Choose TWO of the following types of cellular transport. ๏osmosis ๏active transport ๏facilitated diffusion ๏endocytosis / exocytosis (a)For each type of transport you choose, describe the transport process. Explain how the organization of cell membrane plays a role the movement of specific molecules across membrane. (b)Using the same transport types, identify a specific cell that utilizes that type of transit (i.e. one cell for each transport type, or two different cell examples), and detail a substance that is transferred. (c)A typical human lymphocyte has a radius of about 10 μm, while a typical bacterium (e.g., S. pneumoniae) has a radius of about 1 μm. Assuming that both cell types are perfectly spherical, compare and contrastthe transport mechanisms for each of these cells.arrow_forwardWhat two properties must a substance typically have to be capable of simple diffusion across a cell membrane? If a substance does not have these properties, can it still cross a cell membrane? How?arrow_forward
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