HUMAN ANATOMY
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781260210262
Author: SALADIN
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Chapter 22, Problem 4TYC
Summary Introduction
To analyze:
The removal of thymus improves the success of skin graft and decrease the humoral immunity.
Introduction:
The thymus is a part of lymphatic system. Lymphocytes develop in the thymus. B cells and T-cells are two types of lymphocytes in which T cells develop in the thymus.
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New Skin' research center uses mice for studies of skin grafting. To prevent rejection of the graft, the mice are thymectomized (taking out thymus) at birth. Even though B cells do not develop in the thymus, these mice show no humoral immune response and are very susceptible to infection. Explain why the removal of the thymus would improve the success of skin grafts but adversely affect humoral immunity.
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Chapter 22 Solutions
HUMAN ANATOMY
Ch. 22.1 - Prob. 1AWYKCh. 22.1 - Prob. 1BYGOCh. 22.1 - Prob. 2BYGOCh. 22.1 - Prob. 3BYGOCh. 22.2 - If we regard red bone marrow as a lymphatic organ...Ch. 22.2 - Prob. 2AWYKCh. 22.2 - Prob. 3AWYKCh. 22.2 - Prob. 4BYGOCh. 22.2 - Prob. 5BYGOCh. 22.2 - Prob. 6BYGO
Ch. 22.2 - Prob. 7BYGOCh. 22.2 - Prob. 8BYGOCh. 22.2 - Prob. 9BYGOCh. 22.2 - Prob. 10BYGOCh. 22.2 - Prob. 11BYGOCh. 22.3 - Prob. 1AWYKCh. 22.3 - Prob. 12BYGOCh. 22.3 - Answer the following questions to test your...Ch. 22.3 - Prob. 14BYGOCh. 22.3 - Prob. 15BYGOCh. 22.3 - Prob. 16BYGOCh. 22.4 - Prob. 17BYGOCh. 22.4 - Prob. 18BYGOCh. 22.4 - Prob. 19BYGOCh. 22 - Prob. 22.1.1AYLOCh. 22 - Prob. 22.1.2AYLOCh. 22 - Prob. 22.1.3AYLOCh. 22 - Prob. 22.1.4AYLOCh. 22 - Prob. 22.1.5AYLOCh. 22 - To test your knowledge, discuss the following...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.1.7AYLOCh. 22 - Prob. 22.2.1AYLOCh. 22 - Prob. 22.2.2AYLOCh. 22 - Prob. 22.2.3AYLOCh. 22 - Prob. 22.2.4AYLOCh. 22 - Prob. 22.2.5AYLOCh. 22 - Prob. 22.2.6AYLOCh. 22 - Prob. 22.2.7AYLOCh. 22 - Prob. 22.2.8AYLOCh. 22 - Prob. 22.2.9AYLOCh. 22 - To test your knowledge, discuss the following...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.2.11AYLOCh. 22 - Prob. 22.2.12AYLOCh. 22 - Prob. 22.2.13AYLOCh. 22 - Prob. 22.2.14AYLOCh. 22 - To test your knowledge, discuss the following...Ch. 22 - To test your knowledge, discuss the following...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.3.1AYLOCh. 22 - Prob. 22.3.2AYLOCh. 22 - Prob. 22.3.3AYLOCh. 22 - Prob. 22.3.4AYLOCh. 22 - Prob. 22.3.5AYLOCh. 22 - Prob. 22.3.6AYLOCh. 22 - Prob. 22.3.7AYLOCh. 22 - Prob. 22.3.8AYLOCh. 22 - Prob. 22.3.9AYLOCh. 22 - Prob. 22.3.10AYLOCh. 22 - Prob. 22.4.1AYLOCh. 22 - Prob. 22.4.2AYLOCh. 22 - Prob. 22.4.3AYLOCh. 22 - Prob. 22.4.4AYLOCh. 22 - Prob. 1TYRCh. 22 - Prob. 2TYRCh. 22 - The lethal hit is used by __________ to kill enemy...Ch. 22 - Prob. 4TYRCh. 22 - Which of these lymphatic organs has a cortex and...Ch. 22 - Prob. 6TYRCh. 22 - Prob. 7TYRCh. 22 - Prob. 8TYRCh. 22 - Prob. 9TYRCh. 22 - Prob. 10TYRCh. 22 - Prob. 11TYRCh. 22 - Prob. 12TYRCh. 22 - Lymphatic vessels called _____________ carry lymph...Ch. 22 - Prob. 14TYRCh. 22 - Prob. 15TYRCh. 22 - Prob. 16TYRCh. 22 - Prob. 17TYRCh. 22 - Prob. 18TYRCh. 22 - Prob. 19TYRCh. 22 - Prob. 20TYRCh. 22 - Prob. 1BYMVCh. 22 - Prob. 2BYMVCh. 22 - Prob. 3BYMVCh. 22 - Prob. 4BYMVCh. 22 - Prob. 5BYMVCh. 22 - Prob. 6BYMVCh. 22 - Prob. 7BYMVCh. 22 - Prob. 8BYMVCh. 22 - Prob. 9BYMVCh. 22 - Prob. 10BYMVCh. 22 - Prob. 1WWWTSCh. 22 - Prob. 2WWWTSCh. 22 - Prob. 3WWWTSCh. 22 - Prob. 4WWWTSCh. 22 - Prob. 5WWWTSCh. 22 - Prob. 6WWWTSCh. 22 - Prob. 7WWWTSCh. 22 - Prob. 8WWWTSCh. 22 - Prob. 9WWWTSCh. 22 - Prob. 10WWWTSCh. 22 - Prob. 1TYCCh. 22 - Prob. 2TYCCh. 22 - Prob. 3TYCCh. 22 - Prob. 4TYCCh. 22 - Prob. 5TYC
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- The Inflammatory Response Is a General a. What causes the area around a cut or a scrape to become warm? b. What is the role of this heat in the inflammatory response?arrow_forwardMention the site in the body where the B-cells and T-cells are formed. Give one difference between them.arrow_forwardThe selection process for T cells is more complex than B cells. Please explain the process, why it is more complex, and how/why autoreactive T cells are allowed to leave the thymus.arrow_forward
- Complement is an integral part of the innate immune response to bacteria . One of its mechanisms of action is to behave as an anaphylatoxin Describe the anaphylatoxic effects of complement identifying which components are activated.arrow_forwardGenerally, polysaccharides are not good antigens, because B cells that recognize them cannot get T-cell help. But for some pathogens, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae opsonization by antibodies that bind the thick polysaccharide "capsule" layer surrounding the bacteria is the major mechanism of clearing the infection. As expected, a pure polysaccharide vaccine is not terribly effective, but much better immunity is achieved by vaccinating with a polysaccharide covalently linked "conjugated" to an unrelated protein. Explain how this conjugate vaccine allows B cells capable of making anti-polysaccharide antibodies.arrow_forwardMany cells in the human body have proteins on the surface that are able to interact with the receptors of helper T cells. Explain the mechanisms and why it is that such an interaction or signal does not usually result in an autoimmune reaction?arrow_forward
- In studies of skin grafts, thymectomized mice (their thymus has been removed) are often used. B cells don’t develop in the thymus, but nonetheless, these mice are often subject to infection. Why would the removal of the thymus improve the success of skin grafts, but adversely affect immunity?arrow_forwardWrite TRUE is the statement is True, otherwise write FALSE and explain why the statement is False. The complement system involves a set of genes that distinguish foreign cells from body cells. The alternative complement activation pathway involves the cleavage of C5 to form C9. The type of interferon present late in an infection is gamma interferon. Interferons cause muscle aches, chills, and fever. Toll-like receptors act to cause phagocytic chemotaxis. Lymphocytes are large agranulocytes. Opsonization occurs when a phagocyte’s pseudopods surround a microbe and fuse to form a sac. Defensins are antimicrobial peptides of the first line of defense.arrow_forwardName two cytokines that are thought to be involved in the inflammatory response to viruses (cite your source). Describe a component of the innate immune response to viral infection (name it and explain how it works. Be sure you are talking about something that protects you from viruses.)arrow_forward
- Hypersensitivity reactions, by definition, lead to tissue damage. Can they also be beneficial? Explain.arrow_forwardMake an illustration that connects the events in inflammation mediated by chemical substances. Use the following words to come up with the output connected by arrows. 1. Modified proteins 16. C142356789 2. Kininogen 3. Prostaglandins 4. Clotting system 5. Antigen 17. Kallikrein 18. Platelets 19. Serotonin 20. Kinins 21. C1423 22. Anaphylotoxins 6. Lysosomal enzymes 7. Antibody 8. C1 9. Kallikreinogen 23. Chemotactic factor 24. Serum factors 10. C142 25. C14235 11. Antigen/Antibody 12. Cells migration 26. C1423567 27. Injurious stimuli 13. Histamine 28. Acute inflammation 14. Plasmin system 29. Increased vascular permeability 15. C3 30. Chronic inflammationarrow_forwardTrue or False: In non-disseminated infections, Mycobacterium species are restrained by type-1 responses which increase macrophage phagocytic activity, NK and T cell activation. True or False: The low-affinity Fcε receptor (FcεRII/CD23) on mast cells will bind to IgE in tissues in the absence of antigen.arrow_forward
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